Sirous Mohammadi; Alireza Taheri; Zeinab Rezayati-Zad
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Autumn 2018, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
A new enzymeless glucose sensor has been fabricated and its electrocatalytic oxidation has been investigated in alkaline medium directly on the Pt Electrode modified by Activated carbon nanotubes @ graphene oxide/ nickel hydroxide-Nafion hybrid composite (PtACNT@GONHNPsNf). Under the optimized condition, ...
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A new enzymeless glucose sensor has been fabricated and its electrocatalytic oxidation has been investigated in alkaline medium directly on the Pt Electrode modified by Activated carbon nanotubes @ graphene oxide/ nickel hydroxide-Nafion hybrid composite (PtACNT@GONHNPsNf). Under the optimized condition, the calibration curve is linear in the concentration range of 5-1100 µM using cyclic voltammetric method. The detection limit and sensitivity are 0.75 µM and 40 nA, respectively. The glucose sensor can be renewed easily in a reproducible manner by a simple polishing step and it has a long operational lifetime and short response time t90% < 1 s. In addition, the fabrication of Pt with nafion and nickel hydroxide powder was employed to eliminate the interference of ascorbic acid during the catalytic oxidation of glucose. The biosensor was used for determination of glucose in human blood serum and the oxidant with satisfactory results.
Khaitbaev Kh. Alisher; Toshov S. Khamza; Yuldashev Sh. Ikbol
Volume 2, Issue 1 , Winter 2019, , Pages 1-5
Abstract
The most important aspect of modern chemistry lies in the fact that along with instrumental (physical) methods, computer modelling plays an increasing role in it. The role of molecular modelling in chemistry is quite large, despite the obvious priority of experimental research in this field of natural ...
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The most important aspect of modern chemistry lies in the fact that along with instrumental (physical) methods, computer modelling plays an increasing role in it. The role of molecular modelling in chemistry is quite large, despite the obvious priority of experimental research in this field of natural science. The most significant ones are theoretical results that are impossible, extremely difficult or too expensive to be obtained by experimental means.
Amira Salem Zaek; Balsam Ali Benhamed; Mabroka Ali Al shahomy; Ruwida kamour; Akram Eshames
Volume 2, Issue 1 , Winter 2019, , Pages 6-12
Abstract
Generic drugs have increased in their popularity as the cost of their brand counterparts have arisen. Post-marketing testing of some drugs is used to assure quality, efficacy and safety of those drugs made available for public use. This is to give evidence of their effectiveness. This study was undertaken ...
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Generic drugs have increased in their popularity as the cost of their brand counterparts have arisen. Post-marketing testing of some drugs is used to assure quality, efficacy and safety of those drugs made available for public use. This is to give evidence of their effectiveness. This study was undertaken to justify the use of generic substitution of metoprolol, spironolactone and verapamil brands marketed in Tripoli-Libya. This evaluation was achieved through QC tests for hardness, disintegration time and chemical content according to British Pharmacopoeial standards. The results of these tests were found to comply with pharmacopoial range indicating their efficiency to be used as a substituent for brands of higher price.
Analytical Chemistry
Mital K. Aadesariya; Vijay R. Ram; Pragnesh N Dave
Volume 2, Issue 1 , Winter 2019, , Pages 13-19
Abstract
The current study was carried out on the extraction, isolation, and identification of phytochemical constituents existing in the Abutilon pannosum and Grewia tenax leaves extract collected from Kachchh region of Gujarat state, India. The main aim of this study was to expose important polar phytochemicals ...
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The current study was carried out on the extraction, isolation, and identification of phytochemical constituents existing in the Abutilon pannosum and Grewia tenax leaves extract collected from Kachchh region of Gujarat state, India. The main aim of this study was to expose important polar phytochemicals in locally available medicinal plants using LC-Q-TOF-MS analytical techniques. The main analytical tool is liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) which is one of the most sophisticated and sensitive instruments that gives qualitative as well as quantitative information accurately with respect to constituents present in the sample. The continuous extraction of plant leaves was commenced by Soxhlet extractor utilizing methanol as a solvent. The crude methanolic extracts were inserted in LC-Q-TOF-MS for identification and isolation of useful phytochemicals. The results of phytochemical analysis displayed that there were significant phytochemicals found in methanol extracts of A. pannosum leaves (APL) such as alkaloids, photoproteins, antibioticand in G. tenax leaves (GTL) like alkaloids, photoproteins, glycoside, terpenoids, fatty amides, steroids, fatty alcohols, saponins, flavones, flavonols, steroid etc. Hence, methanolic extract of GTL gives good medicinal activity as compared to the APL.
Ayman El-Khateeb; M. H. Mahmoud; M. Fakih
Volume 2, Issue 1 , Winter 2019, , Pages 20-23
Abstract
A greenhouse experiment has been conducted to study the effect of using different wetland substrates that have been compiled on the basis of effluent treatment efficiency. Wetland beds have been prepared with locally available plants, in particular (Phragmites Australis). The effectiveness of the treatment ...
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A greenhouse experiment has been conducted to study the effect of using different wetland substrates that have been compiled on the basis of effluent treatment efficiency. Wetland beds have been prepared with locally available plants, in particular (Phragmites Australis). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated on parameters such as biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP). The results indicate that nutrient reduction corresponds to lower flow in wetland beds. At the lower flow rate of 2.34 m3/day, the system with plastic supports showed the highest removal efficiencies of BOD, COD, TKN, TSS and TP in percentages of 74.42, 74.9 %, 63.28, 87.49 and 71.29 %, correspondingly.
Walaa Haider Elobeid; Abdalla Ahmed Elbashir
Volume 2, Issue 1 , Winter 2019, , Pages 24-33
Abstract
An improvement to the performance of the bare pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was made by modifying it utilizing p-amino benzene sulfonic acid (p-ABSA), benzo-18-crown-6 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to detect lead (II) ions in water samples using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric ...
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An improvement to the performance of the bare pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was made by modifying it utilizing p-amino benzene sulfonic acid (p-ABSA), benzo-18-crown-6 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to detect lead (II) ions in water samples using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric technique. The presence of p-ABSA serves as ionic conductor while the good adsorption ability and electrical conductivity of multi-walled CNTs enhanced the sensitivity through increasing the electrochemical active surface area. Furthermore, using benzo-18-crown-6 as a molecular scavenger improved the selectivity for lead (II) ions. After optimizing the experimental and chemical parameters, the proposed electrode demonstrated linearity toward the lead (II) ions in a concentration range of 15-200 µM, and 0.99852 correlation factor at 5 sec accumulation time. The detection and qualification limits were statistically calculated based on ICH guidelines as 5.72 µM and 17.32 µM, respectively. The sensor demonstrated a very good selectivity over heavy metals for instance Zn (II), Fe (III), Cr (III), Cu (II) and Mn (VI). The developed method was adequately applied for the determination of Pb (II) ions in water samples. The results obtained by the current method were compared to the acquired results utilizing ICP-OES. According to the statistical consideration, the two methods were considered identical.
Organic Chemistry
Masomeh Aghazadeh
Volume 2, Issue 1 , Winter 2019, , Pages 34-39
Abstract
The reaction of indoles with the complex formed from tertiary cyclic amides and phosphorus oxychloride, followed by basification using sodium hydroxide, was studied. In the case of five member amide rings, 3-(1-alkyl-pyrrolidine-2-ylidene)3H-indoles were obtained but in the case of six and seven member ...
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The reaction of indoles with the complex formed from tertiary cyclic amides and phosphorus oxychloride, followed by basification using sodium hydroxide, was studied. In the case of five member amide rings, 3-(1-alkyl-pyrrolidine-2-ylidene)3H-indoles were obtained but in the case of six and seven member amide rings, ring opening was occurred and amino ketones were obtained.
Physical Chemistry
Olusegun E. Thomas; Olajire. A. Adegoke; AbdulWarith. F. Kazeem; Ikechukwu. C. Ezeuchenne
Volume 2, Issue 2 , Spring 2019, , Pages 40-52
Abstract
In this study, the preferential solvation of Mordant Black and Solochrome Dark Blue were investigated in mixed solvent systems of aqueous methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, methanol: ethanol, methanol:propan-1-ol, methanol:propan-2-ol, ethanol:propan-1-ol, ethanol:propan-2-ol, propan-1-ol:propan-2-ol ...
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In this study, the preferential solvation of Mordant Black and Solochrome Dark Blue were investigated in mixed solvent systems of aqueous methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, methanol: ethanol, methanol:propan-1-ol, methanol:propan-2-ol, ethanol:propan-1-ol, ethanol:propan-2-ol, propan-1-ol:propan-2-ol and carbon tetrachloride: dimethylformamide. Results showed a deviation of solvation data from ideality over the majority of composition ranges in all the solvent mixtures. The type and contribution of specific and non-specific solute-solvent interactions were analyzed in the framework of the linear solvation energy relationships. Statistical analysis of single, dual, and multiparametric equations revealed that in pure solvents, spectral behaviours of MB and SDB were affected by the polarity and basicity of the solvent milieu respectively. However in aqueous alcohols, polarity of the solvent milieu was the most significant determinant of spectral patterns with α and β parameters playing secondary contributory roles in the spectral changes of MB and SDB, respectively. Multiparametric equations generally yielded the best fitted model in mixed alcohol systems with polarity remaining the largest contributor, followed by β and α of the solvent milieu in that order. Spectral-structure relationships identified ion-dipole interactions involving the charged sulphonate and hydrazone moieties as well as proton-donor-acceptor interactions of the common labile hydroxyl groups as mechanisms for the observed solvation data.
Chemical
Hency Thacker; Vijay Ram; Pragnesh N Dave
Volume 2, Issue 3 , Summer 2019, , Pages 84-91
Abstract
Nanoparticles form the basis of Nanoscience and nanotechnology which are considered as the most growing disciplines amongst various fields of science. Various methods for synthesis of nanoparticles include conventional methods like hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, laser-ablation, electrochemical ...
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Nanoparticles form the basis of Nanoscience and nanotechnology which are considered as the most growing disciplines amongst various fields of science. Various methods for synthesis of nanoparticles include conventional methods like hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, laser-ablation, electrochemical techniques, and thermal methods. However biogenic synthesis of iron nanoparticles is advantageous over conventional methods due to its eco-friendly, simple, cost-effective and non-toxic properties. Iron nanoparticles possess wide range of application from environmental remediation to magnetization of sediments and they are also known to possess anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial activity. Extracts of various plants like green tea, Amaranthus dubius, and Eichhornia Crassipes, Cynometra Ramiflora, and Eucalyptus tereticornis, Melaleuca Nesophila Rosemarinus Officinalis are reported for synthesis of iron nanoparticles. Different environmental remediation applications of iron nanoparticles include degradation of dyes, removal of nitrate, hexavalent chromium, arsenate, arsenite, chemical oxygen demand and total phosphates. This review focuses on various plant extracts utilized for synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their potential applications. Different classes of phytochemicals responsible for conversion of precursor iron to nano-sized iron material, various characterization techniques for iron nanomaterials fabricated using plant extracts and optimum conditions for pollutant removal are also discussed.
Biochemical
Mohammad Asif; Imran Mohd
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, , Pages 150-169
Abstract
Nutraceuticals provides medical and health benefits including the prevention and treatment of a disease. Nutraceuticals are naturally derived bioactive compounds that are found in foods, dietary supplements and herbal products, and have health promoting, disease preventing and medicinal properties. Nutraceuticals ...
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Nutraceuticals provides medical and health benefits including the prevention and treatment of a disease. Nutraceuticals are naturally derived bioactive compounds that are found in foods, dietary supplements and herbal products, and have health promoting, disease preventing and medicinal properties. Nutraceuticals are the substances which are not traditionally recognized nutrients but which have positive physiological effects on the human body. Nutraceutical has advantage over the medicine because they avoid side effects. Nutraceuticals are classifying on the basis of their natural source, chemical grouping, nutrients, herbals, dietary supplements and dietary fiber. Herbal nutraceutical is used in maintaining health and act against nutritionally induced acute and chronic diseases, thereby promoting optimal health, longevity, and quality of life. The nutraceutical revolution will lead us into a new era of medicine and health, in which the food industry will become research oriented to the pharmaceutical industry. The present review has been devoted towards understanding of the nutraceuticals from different medicinal plants based on their disease specific indications.
M Eldefrawy; Essamhassan G Arafa Gomaa; Shereen Salem; Fatma Abdel Razik
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Autumn 2018, , Pages 11-18
Abstract
Cyclic Voltammetric studies of calcium acetate salt [Ca(CH3COO)2] in absence or presence of Methylene blue (MB) were performed to predict and analyze the behavior of complexation between the ligand and metal ion in aqueous solution. From these studies, the values of solvation and kinetic parameters [Ep ...
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Cyclic Voltammetric studies of calcium acetate salt [Ca(CH3COO)2] in absence or presence of Methylene blue (MB) were performed to predict and analyze the behavior of complexation between the ligand and metal ion in aqueous solution. From these studies, the values of solvation and kinetic parameters [Ep (peak potential), Ip(peak current), ΔEP (peak potential difference), E½ (half wave potential), D(Diffusion coefficient), Ks (electron transfer rate constant), Г(surface coverage) and Qa (quantity of electricity)] were evaluated. In addition, the effect of different concentration and a scan rate of above the calculated quantities were studied. In case of presence MB, the stability constants and Gibbs free energies were performed.
Biochemical
Seyed Mohammad Motevalli; Fateme Mirzajani
Volume 2, Issue 2 , Spring 2019, , Pages 53-58
Abstract
Human epidermal keratinocyte cells are the first defence blocks against the aggressive agents such as pathogens and xenobiotic materials. Synthesis process of the cellular proteins can be affected by abiotic stresses (aBS like: SiO2 nanoparticles) and biotic stresses (BS like: Virus), leading to the ...
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Human epidermal keratinocyte cells are the first defence blocks against the aggressive agents such as pathogens and xenobiotic materials. Synthesis process of the cellular proteins can be affected by abiotic stresses (aBS like: SiO2 nanoparticles) and biotic stresses (BS like: Virus), leading to the alteration of consumed energy profiles of proteins. The consumed energy profile of each protein was calculated based on their consumed ATP during the amino acids synthesizing procedure. Cells consumed more ATP, more energy, to synthesize more proteins under BS conditions compare to aBS conditions. Our results suggested that, the cells infected by pathogens are tend to survive longer than the treated cells by xenobiotic materials. Our data analysis revealed that the most energy reduction took place under aBS conditions. So, aBS could have severe effect on energy production pathways and decrease the energy source of cells. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the complexity of cellular protein networks under aBS conditions were more than BS conditions. It seems the cellular energy reduction under aBS conditions is one of the important factors in cell death. In addition, the position of proteins in the protein network was another important factor that should be carefully considered.
Organic Chemistry
Kaana Asemave; Titus Anure
Volume 2, Issue 3 , Summer 2019, , Pages 92-98
Abstract
This research reports the novel bioactivities of neem leaves powder, neem leaves concentrate, neem seeds powder and neem seeds oil against the weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) on bambara groundnut. The leaves were grounded, crushed and subjected to ethanol to get the concentrate. While the seeds were ...
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This research reports the novel bioactivities of neem leaves powder, neem leaves concentrate, neem seeds powder and neem seeds oil against the weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) on bambara groundnut. The leaves were grounded, crushed and subjected to ethanol to get the concentrate. While the seeds were dried under shade for one week, ground into fine particles. Cold bulk extraction was then used to obtain the neem seeds oil. The mortality count of Callosobruchus maculatus (C. maculatus) was studied by exposing the weevil to neem treated bambara groundnut at different days under laboratory condition. The neem dosage were 0.0, 0.1, 0.5 1.0 g/10 g of bambara groundnut. The percentage weight loss and seed damage were also determined at the end. The results indicated that neem seeds oil and neem leaves concentrate provided effective and comparable mortality counts against the C. maculatus. Again the neem powder (seeds and leaves) mortality counts were also comparable, but were less effective against the weevils as compared to the neem oil and concentrate at least for the first two days. Therefore, these neem materials could be used as biopesticides at the dose of _0.1 per 10 g to prevent C. maculatus attack on bambara groundnut during storage. This will reduce the usage of synthetic pesticides, thereby preventing their adverse residual effects on human and the environment.
Alagbe John; R.A Oluwafemi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, , Pages 170-177
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of growing rabbits fed diet supplemented with Indigofera zollingeriana leaf meal (IZM). A total number of Fifty (50) growing rabbits of between seven and eight weeks of age were randomly assigned to five treatment ...
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This study was conducted to determine the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of growing rabbits fed diet supplemented with Indigofera zollingeriana leaf meal (IZM). A total number of Fifty (50) growing rabbits of between seven and eight weeks of age were randomly assigned to five treatment groups in a completely randomized design. Each group was replicated five times with two rabbits per replicate. Five experimental diets were formulated such that T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 was supplemented with IZM at 0g, 2.5g, 5.0g, 7.5g and 10g respectively. Feed and water were provided ad libitum and the experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The hematological parameters determined included pack cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials while those of serum biochemical indices are: total protein, globulin, albumin, cholesterol, serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT). Results on hematology revealed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the values of PCV, RBC, MCV, WBC and its differentials. Hb, MCH and MCHC values were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the dietary supplementation of IZM. All results on the serum biochemical parameters showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) differences among the treatments. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of IZM up to 10g/kg had no deleterious effect on the hematology and serum biochemical parameters of rabbits.
Essamhassan G Arafa Gomaa; Moged A. Berghout; Mohamed R. Moustafa; Fathy M. El Taweel; Hader M . Farid
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Autumn 2018, , Pages 19-28
Abstract
The molar solubility for 2-amino-4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxamide (ADTC) in pure ethanol and mixed ethanol (EtOH)- water solvents were measured at five different temperatures, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K in the used mixed solvents, the solubility were increase by increase in ...
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The molar solubility for 2-amino-4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxamide (ADTC) in pure ethanol and mixed ethanol (EtOH)- water solvents were measured at five different temperatures, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K in the used mixed solvents, the solubility were increase by increase in the mole fraction of ethanol in the mixtures and increase of temperature due to more salvation parameters. All the solvation and thermodynamic parameters for ADTC in mixed EtOH+ H2O solvents were evaluated like solubility products, Gibbs free energies, enthalpies and entropies of solvation and discussed. Theoretical calculations for (ADTC) were done quantum mechanically by using Gaussian on set of calculations in ethanol for evaluating the different thermodynamic parameters.
Organic Chemistry
Ahmad Reza Moosavi-Zare; Hamid Goudarziafshar; Zahra Jalilian
Volume 2, Issue 2 , Spring 2019, , Pages 59-63
Abstract
In this work, we have reported the preparation of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine dione derivatives by the tandem Knoevenagel-Michael-cyclocondensation reaction of malononitrile, various aldehydes and barbituric acid derivatives at the presence of isonicotinic acid as an efficient organocatalyst.
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In this work, we have reported the preparation of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine dione derivatives by the tandem Knoevenagel-Michael-cyclocondensation reaction of malononitrile, various aldehydes and barbituric acid derivatives at the presence of isonicotinic acid as an efficient organocatalyst.
Abdulfattah Alkherraz; Omar Hashad; Khaled Elsherif
Volume 2, Issue 3 , Summer 2019, , Pages 99-107
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the concentrations of Mn, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in 18 types of commercially available coffee, tea, and cocoa on Misurata city markets. The samples were dry digested and then measured by Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES). The heavy ...
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the concentrations of Mn, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in 18 types of commercially available coffee, tea, and cocoa on Misurata city markets. The samples were dry digested and then measured by Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES). The heavy elements levels were differed among the various types of analyzed samples. The concentrations of Mn were relatively higher than the other analyzed elements and varied between 1.0 – 673.3 mg/kg. The observed concentration ranges of the other elements, were as follows: Cr (0.1- 131.0 mg/kg), Fe (0.3 – 40.6 mg/kg), Cu (0.3 – 13.6 mg/kg), Zn (1.0 -20.9 mg/kg), Pb (1.8 – 4.4 mg/kg) and most Cd samples were below the instrument detection limits. The values determined for Mn, Cr, Fe, Cu, and Zn were lower than the maximum permissible limits. However, the concentrations of Pb were high according to the Brazilian law and Mercosul regulations, and the regulations of the European Union. Monitoring of heavy metal in food, like coffee, teas, and cocoa, provides useful information on safety features of food in regulatory procedures in terms of suitability of food for consumption, as well as its nutritional value.
Biochemical
Aliaksei Sysa; Maryna Labai; Eugeni Kvasyuk; Uliana Ivuts; Maksim Khanchevskii
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, , Pages 178-184
Abstract
The influence of the modified nucleotide arabinofuranosylcytosine-5`-monophosphate in the form of the free acid (Ara-CMP) and its salts with emoxipin (Ara-CMP+Em) on the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the lymphocyte proliferation of mitogen-stimulated cells was studied. It was shown ...
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The influence of the modified nucleotide arabinofuranosylcytosine-5`-monophosphate in the form of the free acid (Ara-CMP) and its salts with emoxipin (Ara-CMP+Em) on the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the lymphocyte proliferation of mitogen-stimulated cells was studied. It was shown that emoxipin - the compound with strong antioxidant properties - does not lead to inhibition of the main function of the antimetabolite Ara-CMP, namely, cell growth arrest (p = 0.96) and lysis of target cells (p = 0.97). Under the conditions of nonspecific stimulation of lymphocytes, Ara-CMP at high concentrations (10-4 M) increased in both IFNγ-secreting T-lymphocytes (five times) and IFNγ-secreting other lymphocytes (three times). Emoxipin led to almost complete leveling of the detected effect.
Onoshe Solomon; Wasagu Rabiu Saidu Umar; Hassan Sanusi Wara; Abubakar Sadiq Yakubu; Madusolumou Michael Azubuike; Mbahi Asugu Mary; Hitler Louis
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Autumn 2018, , Pages 29-39
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders causing tremendous human suffering worldwide. The present study was designed to evaluate the antiulcerogenic activity of the methanol and solvent stem bark fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol) and elucidate their possible ...
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Peptic ulcer disease is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders causing tremendous human suffering worldwide. The present study was designed to evaluate the antiulcerogenic activity of the methanol and solvent stem bark fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol) and elucidate their possible antiulcerogenic mechanisms. The antiulcerogenic mechanisms were investigated by estimation of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Vitamins A, C and E, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and involvement of KATP channel. Pretreatment with the methanol extract and solvent fractions produce significant reductions in ulcer index in a dose dependent manner. Ethylacetate fraction (EtyAc) showed the highest antiulcer activity. Elevated MDA and decreased levels of SOD, GSH, CAT, Vitamin A, C and E observed in ulcer control groups were significantly decreased and increased respectively in the EtyAc fraction treated groups. Antiulcer activity of the EtyAc fraction was blocked upon coadministration with glibenclamide; a KATP channel blocker. The stem bark extract of Lannea acida possess antiulcerogenic activity and the mechanisms seems to involve antioxidant activity and KATP channel opening.
Analytical Chemistry
Mehdi Nabati; Vida Bodaghi-Namileh; Saman Sarshar
Volume 2, Issue 3 , Summer 2019, , Pages 108-119
Abstract
The main purpose of the present article is reactivity and stability properties study of the antagonist compound esketamine and analyzing of its binding to the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A, NR2B and NR2D). In first step, the molecular structure of esketamine was optimized ...
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The main purpose of the present article is reactivity and stability properties study of the antagonist compound esketamine and analyzing of its binding to the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A, NR2B and NR2D). In first step, the molecular structure of esketamine was optimized using density functional theory (DFT) method at B3YP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The reactivity and stability properties of the title medicinal compound were studied by global reactivity indices. The computational data showed the molecule is stable and has low tendency to interact with residues of the biomolecules like receptors and proteins. Secondly, the molecule binding to the receptors were analyzed by molegro virtual docker (MVD) program. Our computations indicated that the compound asserts its pharmacological effects mainly through interactions with NR2B receptors and the NR2B residues containing Gly [A] 128, His [A] 127, Gly [A] 264, Tyr [A] 282, Ser [A] 131, Asp [A] 265, Ser [A] 260 and Met [A] 132 are the main amino acids involved in the ligand-receptor complex formation.
Mohammadreza Davarpanah; Hossein Abbasi; Mehdi Nabati; Hamideh Sabahnoo; Vida Bodaghi-Namileh; Mohammad Mazidi; Hossein Movahhed-Tazehkand; Hossein Mohammadnejad-Mehrabani
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, , Pages 185-191
Abstract
The purpose of this research study is to prepare Exametazime (d,l-HMPAO) kit for labeling with 99m-technetium radionuclide as a brain perfusion diagnostic system. In first step, the active pharmaceutical ingredient d,l-HMPAO was prepared in two steps with the purity of 99.29 %. Its molecular structure ...
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The purpose of this research study is to prepare Exametazime (d,l-HMPAO) kit for labeling with 99m-technetium radionuclide as a brain perfusion diagnostic system. In first step, the active pharmaceutical ingredient d,l-HMPAO was prepared in two steps with the purity of 99.29 %. Its molecular structure was characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. In second step, the d,l-HMPAO kit was prepared using six different formulations and labeled by technetium-99m radionuclide. The high radiochemical yield was attributed to the high amount of SnCl2 and adding phosphate buffer. The animal studies were conducted on three-month old male Wistar rats. The biodistribution studies revealed that, the mean activity in brain of all rats was above 1% ID/g. This showed the high isomerism purity of the synthesized compound (d,l-HMPAO) and optimization of the suggested formulations.
G. Vinodhkumar; R Ramya; mark vimalan; I Potheher; A. Cyrac Peter
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Autumn 2018, , Pages 40-49
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is synthesized using strong oxidizing agents with the help of chemical reduction method. Structural and physiochemical properties of the prepared sample are studied by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder ...
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Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is synthesized using strong oxidizing agents with the help of chemical reduction method. Structural and physiochemical properties of the prepared sample are studied by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV-Vis spectra of GO exhibit maximum absorption peak attributable to restoration of sp2carbon. Electrochemical study performed for bare and rGO modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrochemical sensing of Dopamine (DA) and Uric Acid (UA) was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were conducted in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH = 7.0 done for both simultaneous and individual determination of DA and UA in the range of 500nM – 1mM exhibit a wide linear range of detection and having low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.67µM for DA, and 0.69µM for UA estimated for simultaneous determination and in individual determination it was found to be 0.51µM and 0.42µM for DA and UA respectively. Additionally, the modified electrode exhibits good reproducibility, selectivity, sensitivity and stability. The proposed sensor could be applied for the determination of DA and UA in real samples.
Organic Chemistry
Muluh Emmanuel Khan; Adebayo Samuel Adeiza; Terumon Amon Tor-Anyiin; Abel Alexander
Volume 2, Issue 2 , Spring 2019, , Pages 68-73
Abstract
In this study, stem bark of Crossopteryx febrifuga (Rubiaceae), a traditional medicinal, plant used for treatment of various diseases. The diseases was phytochemically screened by cold maceration using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts. Results revealed the presence of bioactive compounds ...
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In this study, stem bark of Crossopteryx febrifuga (Rubiaceae), a traditional medicinal, plant used for treatment of various diseases. The diseases was phytochemically screened by cold maceration using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts. Results revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and phytosterols. Separation and purification of the ethyl acetate extracts by column chromatography (CC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and characterization with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses, led to isolation of spinasterol, established on the basis of both 13C and 1H NMR spectral data and by comparison with literature. It was also confirmed that, spinasterol cures diabetes by reducing serum triglycerides. This is the first report on isolation of spinasterol from the stem bark of Crossopteryx febrfuga.
Chemical
Abdaziz Foda; Haitham Mosallam; Ayman El-Khateeb; Mohamed Fakih
Volume 2, Issue 3 , Summer 2019, , Pages 120-133
Abstract
The extract of cinnamomum have been evaluated as green inhibitor for the corrosion of Carbon steel in 1M HCl solution was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, ac electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) , electrochemical frequency modulation (FEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy ...
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The extract of cinnamomum have been evaluated as green inhibitor for the corrosion of Carbon steel in 1M HCl solution was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, ac electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) , electrochemical frequency modulation (FEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods of monitoring corrosion . The inhibitive property of the extract is attributed to the presence of cinnamic aldehyde as major constituent in the extract. measurements showed that this extract act as mixed-type inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with inhibitor concentration. Results obtained by various techniques are close to each other and maximum efficiency of 81.1 % is acknowledged at the inhibitor concentration of 600 ppm. Langmuir isotherm model is found most suitable to explain adsorption behavior of inhibitor for C-steel surface. Molecular adsorption of inhibitor over C- steel surface is found responsible for corrosion inhibition of C-steel in acid.
Organic Chemistry
Mohammad Asif; Imran Mohd
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, , Pages 192-210
Abstract
Cinnamic acid analogues are naturally occurring compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and flowers. It is used as dietary phenolic compounds and play vital role in the preparation of essential intermediate compounds which are crucial for the making of various pharmaceutical components. Cinnamic acid ...
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Cinnamic acid analogues are naturally occurring compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and flowers. It is used as dietary phenolic compounds and play vital role in the preparation of essential intermediate compounds which are crucial for the making of various pharmaceutical components. Cinnamic acid and its analogues are studied for its various types of biological activities including antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, antidepressants, insect repellents, antidiabetic and anticholesterolemic etc. Various substitutions on cinnamic acid moiety lead to different types of pharmacological activities such as m-hydroxy or p-methoxy group on cinnamic acid is significantly vital functional groups as an efficient insulin releasing compound while 3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid or caffeic acid showed hepatoprotective activity. Cinnamic acid analogues are showed variety of biological activities along with their milder to moderate adverse effects which are become obstacle for the clinical use of cinnamic acid analogues. So for the suitable use of cinnamic acid analogues, it is yet to investigate to decrease or terminate its adverse effects.
