Original Research Article
Biochemical
Mohammad Asif; Imran Mohd
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, Pages 150-169
Abstract
Nutraceuticals provides medical and health benefits including the prevention and treatment of a disease. Nutraceuticals are naturally derived bioactive compounds that are found in foods, dietary supplements and herbal products, and have health promoting, disease preventing and medicinal properties. Nutraceuticals ...
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Nutraceuticals provides medical and health benefits including the prevention and treatment of a disease. Nutraceuticals are naturally derived bioactive compounds that are found in foods, dietary supplements and herbal products, and have health promoting, disease preventing and medicinal properties. Nutraceuticals are the substances which are not traditionally recognized nutrients but which have positive physiological effects on the human body. Nutraceutical has advantage over the medicine because they avoid side effects. Nutraceuticals are classifying on the basis of their natural source, chemical grouping, nutrients, herbals, dietary supplements and dietary fiber. Herbal nutraceutical is used in maintaining health and act against nutritionally induced acute and chronic diseases, thereby promoting optimal health, longevity, and quality of life. The nutraceutical revolution will lead us into a new era of medicine and health, in which the food industry will become research oriented to the pharmaceutical industry. The present review has been devoted towards understanding of the nutraceuticals from different medicinal plants based on their disease specific indications.
Original Research Article
Alagbe John; R.A Oluwafemi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, Pages 170-177
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of growing rabbits fed diet supplemented with Indigofera zollingeriana leaf meal (IZM). A total number of Fifty (50) growing rabbits of between seven and eight weeks of age were randomly assigned to five treatment ...
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This study was conducted to determine the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of growing rabbits fed diet supplemented with Indigofera zollingeriana leaf meal (IZM). A total number of Fifty (50) growing rabbits of between seven and eight weeks of age were randomly assigned to five treatment groups in a completely randomized design. Each group was replicated five times with two rabbits per replicate. Five experimental diets were formulated such that T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 was supplemented with IZM at 0g, 2.5g, 5.0g, 7.5g and 10g respectively. Feed and water were provided ad libitum and the experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The hematological parameters determined included pack cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials while those of serum biochemical indices are: total protein, globulin, albumin, cholesterol, serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT). Results on hematology revealed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the values of PCV, RBC, MCV, WBC and its differentials. Hb, MCH and MCHC values were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the dietary supplementation of IZM. All results on the serum biochemical parameters showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) differences among the treatments. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of IZM up to 10g/kg had no deleterious effect on the hematology and serum biochemical parameters of rabbits.
Original Research Article
Biochemical
Aliaksei Sysa; Maryna Labai; Eugeni Kvasyuk; Uliana Ivuts; Maksim Khanchevskii
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, Pages 178-184
Abstract
The influence of the modified nucleotide arabinofuranosylcytosine-5`-monophosphate in the form of the free acid (Ara-CMP) and its salts with emoxipin (Ara-CMP+Em) on the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the lymphocyte proliferation of mitogen-stimulated cells was studied. It was shown ...
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The influence of the modified nucleotide arabinofuranosylcytosine-5`-monophosphate in the form of the free acid (Ara-CMP) and its salts with emoxipin (Ara-CMP+Em) on the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the lymphocyte proliferation of mitogen-stimulated cells was studied. It was shown that emoxipin - the compound with strong antioxidant properties - does not lead to inhibition of the main function of the antimetabolite Ara-CMP, namely, cell growth arrest (p = 0.96) and lysis of target cells (p = 0.97). Under the conditions of nonspecific stimulation of lymphocytes, Ara-CMP at high concentrations (10-4 M) increased in both IFNγ-secreting T-lymphocytes (five times) and IFNγ-secreting other lymphocytes (three times). Emoxipin led to almost complete leveling of the detected effect.
Original Research Article
Mohammadreza Davarpanah; Hossein Abbasi; Mehdi Nabati; Hamideh Sabahnoo; Vida Bodaghi-Namileh; Mohammad Mazidi; Hossein Movahhed-Tazehkand; Hossein Mohammadnejad-Mehrabani
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, Pages 185-191
Abstract
The purpose of this research study is to prepare Exametazime (d,l-HMPAO) kit for labeling with 99m-technetium radionuclide as a brain perfusion diagnostic system. In first step, the active pharmaceutical ingredient d,l-HMPAO was prepared in two steps with the purity of 99.29 %. Its molecular structure ...
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The purpose of this research study is to prepare Exametazime (d,l-HMPAO) kit for labeling with 99m-technetium radionuclide as a brain perfusion diagnostic system. In first step, the active pharmaceutical ingredient d,l-HMPAO was prepared in two steps with the purity of 99.29 %. Its molecular structure was characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. In second step, the d,l-HMPAO kit was prepared using six different formulations and labeled by technetium-99m radionuclide. The high radiochemical yield was attributed to the high amount of SnCl2 and adding phosphate buffer. The animal studies were conducted on three-month old male Wistar rats. The biodistribution studies revealed that, the mean activity in brain of all rats was above 1% ID/g. This showed the high isomerism purity of the synthesized compound (d,l-HMPAO) and optimization of the suggested formulations.
Review Article
Organic Chemistry
Mohammad Asif; Imran Mohd
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, Pages 192-210
Abstract
Cinnamic acid analogues are naturally occurring compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and flowers. It is used as dietary phenolic compounds and play vital role in the preparation of essential intermediate compounds which are crucial for the making of various pharmaceutical components. Cinnamic acid ...
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Cinnamic acid analogues are naturally occurring compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and flowers. It is used as dietary phenolic compounds and play vital role in the preparation of essential intermediate compounds which are crucial for the making of various pharmaceutical components. Cinnamic acid and its analogues are studied for its various types of biological activities including antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, antidepressants, insect repellents, antidiabetic and anticholesterolemic etc. Various substitutions on cinnamic acid moiety lead to different types of pharmacological activities such as m-hydroxy or p-methoxy group on cinnamic acid is significantly vital functional groups as an efficient insulin releasing compound while 3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid or caffeic acid showed hepatoprotective activity. Cinnamic acid analogues are showed variety of biological activities along with their milder to moderate adverse effects which are become obstacle for the clinical use of cinnamic acid analogues. So for the suitable use of cinnamic acid analogues, it is yet to investigate to decrease or terminate its adverse effects.
Original Research Article
Chemical
Omar A. El-Shahaby; Mustafa El-Zayat; Gamal Abd El-Fattah; Mohamed M. El-Hefny
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, Pages 211-221
Abstract
The essential oils and fatty constituents of Capparis spinosa as an important medicinal plant were extracted in petroleum ether and tested as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. The components of the petroleum ether extract were identified by spectroscopic analysis using GC/MS. The spectral analysis ...
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The essential oils and fatty constituents of Capparis spinosa as an important medicinal plant were extracted in petroleum ether and tested as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. The components of the petroleum ether extract were identified by spectroscopic analysis using GC/MS. The spectral analysis showed that this extract contains mainly tetracosane (14.368%), methyl-cyclopentane (11.979%), heptadecane (11.794%), heptacosane (10.098%), eicosane (3.481%), vitamin E (4.280%), α-Cadinol (3.079%), Spathulenol (0.868%), α-Curcumene (1.188%), Muurolol (0.917%), phytol (1.727%), trans geranyl geraniol (0.862%), Palmitic acid (1.132%) and stigmasterol (2.172%). The functional chemical groups were estimated using Fourier transform infrared” FTIR” spectroscopy. The main phytochemical constituents present in this extract were quantitatively estimated. The antioxidant scavenging activity of petroleum ether extract was also examined using DPPH·, FIC, ABTS+· and FRAP assays. The petroleum ether extract of C. spinosa expressed a good antioxidant activity. The antimicrobial activity of C. spinosa extract was evaluated against several pathogenic bacterial strains such as Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneunomonia, Erwinia carotovora and Escherichia coli in addition to Candida albicans as pathogenic fungal strain. The extract exhibited a broad antimicrobial spectrum against the tested microorganisms. MIC and MBC of the extract were determined. The results showed inhibitory activity against all the tested organisms while showed cidal activity against only B. subtilis, K. pneunomonia and C. albicans.
Original Research Article
Omar El-Shahaby; Mustafa El-Zayat; Reham Rabei; Heshmat Soliman Aldesuquy
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, Pages 222-227
Abstract
The species belonging to the genus Pulicaria are well known for their traditional uses in folklore medicine, active chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the active constituents, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial potential of Pulicaria incisa ...
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The species belonging to the genus Pulicaria are well known for their traditional uses in folklore medicine, active chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the active constituents, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial potential of Pulicaria incisa (lam.) DC extracts. Ethyl acetate and diethyl ether extracts of the dried aerial parts of P. incisa were prepared. The active secondary constituents (alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids and tannins) were quantitatively determined. The active constituents in the ethyl acetate extract were higher than those of diethyl ether extract. The ethyl acetate extract expressed higher antioxidant activity in terms of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging assay in comparison with ascorbic acid as a reference standard. The antimicrobial activity analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate extract expressed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Erwinia carotovora and Candida albicans while that of diethyl ether expressed activity against Bacillus subtillis, Erwinia carotovora and Candida albicans. In conclusion the anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity of the studied extracts of P. incisa may be attributed to its richness with the medicinally active metabolites.
Review Article
Biochemical
Vaghela Foram; Kariya Pooja; Vijay R. Ram; Pragnesh N Dave
Volume 2, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, Pages 228-234
Abstract
There is an intriguing system for sex determination in Carica Papaya. To explain the genetics of the Papaya’s sex determination there were many hypotheses based on information and knowledge from time to time. Such information and knowledge were about a generic balance of sex autosomes and chromosomes, ...
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There is an intriguing system for sex determination in Carica Papaya. To explain the genetics of the Papaya’s sex determination there were many hypotheses based on information and knowledge from time to time. Such information and knowledge were about a generic balance of sex autosomes and chromosomes, Classical XY Chromosomes. Nowadays determination of molecular level through genomic technology is possible. Predicted hypotheses can be proving by high density linkage mapping. It shows that with small specific region (MSY) of Y chromosome sex determination can be controlled by a pair of primitive sex chromosomes. It proves that two sex determination genes can control the whole pathway of sex determination. Feminizing or stamen suppressor gene, cause absorption before a flower inception with other while masculinising or carpel suppressor genes cause carpel absorption at the development stage of the flower. To reveal the structural details of sex determination region and sequencing of candidate sex determination genes physical mapping is essential. This process can be observed while papaya production.
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