Original Research Article
Chemical
Hency Thacker; Vijay Ram; Pragnesh N Dave
Abstract
Nanoparticles form the basis of Nanoscience and nanotechnology which are considered as the most growing disciplines amongst various fields of science. Various methods for synthesis of nanoparticles include conventional methods like hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, laser-ablation, electrochemical ...
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Nanoparticles form the basis of Nanoscience and nanotechnology which are considered as the most growing disciplines amongst various fields of science. Various methods for synthesis of nanoparticles include conventional methods like hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, laser-ablation, electrochemical techniques, and thermal methods. However biogenic synthesis of iron nanoparticles is advantageous over conventional methods due to its eco-friendly, simple, cost-effective and non-toxic properties. Iron nanoparticles possess wide range of application from environmental remediation to magnetization of sediments and they are also known to possess anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial activity. Extracts of various plants like green tea, Amaranthus dubius, and Eichhornia Crassipes, Cynometra Ramiflora, and Eucalyptus tereticornis, Melaleuca Nesophila Rosemarinus Officinalis are reported for synthesis of iron nanoparticles. Different environmental remediation applications of iron nanoparticles include degradation of dyes, removal of nitrate, hexavalent chromium, arsenate, arsenite, chemical oxygen demand and total phosphates. This review focuses on various plant extracts utilized for synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their potential applications. Different classes of phytochemicals responsible for conversion of precursor iron to nano-sized iron material, various characterization techniques for iron nanomaterials fabricated using plant extracts and optimum conditions for pollutant removal are also discussed.
Original Research Article
Organic Chemistry
Kaana Asemave; Titus Anure
Abstract
This research reports the novel bioactivities of neem leaves powder, neem leaves concentrate, neem seeds powder and neem seeds oil against the weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) on bambara groundnut. The leaves were grounded, crushed and subjected to ethanol to get the concentrate. While the seeds were ...
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This research reports the novel bioactivities of neem leaves powder, neem leaves concentrate, neem seeds powder and neem seeds oil against the weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) on bambara groundnut. The leaves were grounded, crushed and subjected to ethanol to get the concentrate. While the seeds were dried under shade for one week, ground into fine particles. Cold bulk extraction was then used to obtain the neem seeds oil. The mortality count of Callosobruchus maculatus (C. maculatus) was studied by exposing the weevil to neem treated bambara groundnut at different days under laboratory condition. The neem dosage were 0.0, 0.1, 0.5 1.0 g/10 g of bambara groundnut. The percentage weight loss and seed damage were also determined at the end. The results indicated that neem seeds oil and neem leaves concentrate provided effective and comparable mortality counts against the C. maculatus. Again the neem powder (seeds and leaves) mortality counts were also comparable, but were less effective against the weevils as compared to the neem oil and concentrate at least for the first two days. Therefore, these neem materials could be used as biopesticides at the dose of _0.1 per 10 g to prevent C. maculatus attack on bambara groundnut during storage. This will reduce the usage of synthetic pesticides, thereby preventing their adverse residual effects on human and the environment.
Original Research Article
Abdulfattah Alkherraz; Omar Hashad; Khaled Elsherif
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the concentrations of Mn, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in 18 types of commercially available coffee, tea, and cocoa on Misurata city markets. The samples were dry digested and then measured by Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES). The heavy ...
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the concentrations of Mn, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in 18 types of commercially available coffee, tea, and cocoa on Misurata city markets. The samples were dry digested and then measured by Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES). The heavy elements levels were differed among the various types of analyzed samples. The concentrations of Mn were relatively higher than the other analyzed elements and varied between 1.0 – 673.3 mg/kg. The observed concentration ranges of the other elements, were as follows: Cr (0.1- 131.0 mg/kg), Fe (0.3 – 40.6 mg/kg), Cu (0.3 – 13.6 mg/kg), Zn (1.0 -20.9 mg/kg), Pb (1.8 – 4.4 mg/kg) and most Cd samples were below the instrument detection limits. The values determined for Mn, Cr, Fe, Cu, and Zn were lower than the maximum permissible limits. However, the concentrations of Pb were high according to the Brazilian law and Mercosul regulations, and the regulations of the European Union. Monitoring of heavy metal in food, like coffee, teas, and cocoa, provides useful information on safety features of food in regulatory procedures in terms of suitability of food for consumption, as well as its nutritional value.
Original Research Article
Analytical Chemistry
Mehdi Nabati; Vida Bodaghi-Namileh; Saman Sarshar
Abstract
The main purpose of the present article is reactivity and stability properties study of the antagonist compound esketamine and analyzing of its binding to the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A, NR2B and NR2D). In first step, the molecular structure of esketamine was optimized ...
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The main purpose of the present article is reactivity and stability properties study of the antagonist compound esketamine and analyzing of its binding to the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A, NR2B and NR2D). In first step, the molecular structure of esketamine was optimized using density functional theory (DFT) method at B3YP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The reactivity and stability properties of the title medicinal compound were studied by global reactivity indices. The computational data showed the molecule is stable and has low tendency to interact with residues of the biomolecules like receptors and proteins. Secondly, the molecule binding to the receptors were analyzed by molegro virtual docker (MVD) program. Our computations indicated that the compound asserts its pharmacological effects mainly through interactions with NR2B receptors and the NR2B residues containing Gly [A] 128, His [A] 127, Gly [A] 264, Tyr [A] 282, Ser [A] 131, Asp [A] 265, Ser [A] 260 and Met [A] 132 are the main amino acids involved in the ligand-receptor complex formation.
Original Research Article
Chemical
Abdaziz Foda; Haitham Mosallam; Ayman El-Khateeb; Mohamed Fakih
Abstract
The extract of cinnamomum have been evaluated as green inhibitor for the corrosion of Carbon steel in 1M HCl solution was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, ac electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) , electrochemical frequency modulation (FEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy ...
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The extract of cinnamomum have been evaluated as green inhibitor for the corrosion of Carbon steel in 1M HCl solution was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, ac electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) , electrochemical frequency modulation (FEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods of monitoring corrosion . The inhibitive property of the extract is attributed to the presence of cinnamic aldehyde as major constituent in the extract. measurements showed that this extract act as mixed-type inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with inhibitor concentration. Results obtained by various techniques are close to each other and maximum efficiency of 81.1 % is acknowledged at the inhibitor concentration of 600 ppm. Langmuir isotherm model is found most suitable to explain adsorption behavior of inhibitor for C-steel surface. Molecular adsorption of inhibitor over C- steel surface is found responsible for corrosion inhibition of C-steel in acid.
Original Research Article
Chemical
Amir Hayat; Taj Muhammad Jahangir; Muhammad Yar Khuhawar; Malik Alamgir; Razim Ali; Arslan Ali; Syed Ghulam Musharraf
Abstract
A simple and novel high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination and quantification of phenolic compounds in brown whole grain rice varieties of Pakistani origin. The accumulation of these compounds was studied during germination stages and ...
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A simple and novel high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination and quantification of phenolic compounds in brown whole grain rice varieties of Pakistani origin. The accumulation of these compounds was studied during germination stages and fermentation process, thereby, providing a reliable and rapid method for their quantification in food samples. Calibration curves for the standard phenolic compounds showed good linear regression values (r2 =0.996-0.998) within the test ranges. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were found in the range of 0.04-0.06 µg/mL and 0.166-0.205µg/mL, respectively. Precision (%RSD) of the method was found in the range of 0.05-5.25 and 0.05-0.58 for inter-day (n=3) and intra-day (n=5), respectively. The robustness (%RSD) was found in the range of 1.05-2.65. Excellent recoveries were attained within the range of 93%-106%. The average amount of phenolic compounds was found to be 0.185 g/100g in controlled condition whereas, further accumulation of these compounds was noticed during germination and fermentation phases. The maximum average amount of phenolic compounds after germination period of 120 hours and fermentation process was found to be 0.284 g/100g and 0.565 g/100g, respectively.
Original Research Article
Chemical
Emmanuel Khan Muluh; Agustine Odokpe Ugbede; Terumon Amon Tor-Anyin
Abstract
Study evaluates the in-vitro anti-microbial and anti-ulcer activity of Cassia sieberiana leaf extracts on Helicobacter pylori the major etiological agent of chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer disease also called gastric carcinoma. Crude extracts of cassia sieberiana were screened for their antimicrobial ...
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Study evaluates the in-vitro anti-microbial and anti-ulcer activity of Cassia sieberiana leaf extracts on Helicobacter pylori the major etiological agent of chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer disease also called gastric carcinoma. Crude extracts of cassia sieberiana were screened for their antimicrobial and antiulcer activities. Antimicrobial assay and in-vitro anti-ulcer (H. pylori) was performed using Agar Diffusion Method and Broth Dilution Method. Ethyl acetate extract had the highest diameter of zones of inhibition (30 mm). Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had the same Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 10 mg/mL against Streptococus feacalis, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, shigella dysenteriae and Candida stellafoidea but for Campylobacter jejuni which had a minimum inhibitory concentration at 20 mg/mL for methanol extract. Methanol extract had the best minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (40 mg/mL) on the pathogens. The results showed that Cassia sieberiana exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against H. pylori at two different concentrations of 20, 40mg/mL.
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