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Assessment of Heavy Metal Content in Fish Obtained from Selected Rivers and Ponds of Nasarawa West Region, Nasarawa State

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Nasarawa State University, P.O. Box 1022, Keffi, Nigeria

2 Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.O. Box 5025, Akwa, Nigeria

3 Department of Physics, Nigerian Army University, P.O. Box 1500, Biu, Borno, Nigeria

4 Federal College of Education Technical Gombe, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria

Abstract

In this study, fish samples were collected from Karu, Keffi, Kokona, and Nasarawa local governments for heavy metal analysis via Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The primary objective was to assess heavy metal concentrations (Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, and Ni) in fish from rivers and ponds across these regions. Results exhibited substantial variations in heavy metal content. Manganese (Mn) concentrations spanned from 73.63 mg/kg to 124.60 mg/kg in Karu, 48.79 mg/kg to 99.5 mg/kg in Nasarawa, 78.52 mg/kg to 85.49 mg/kg in Keffi, and 32.07 mg/kg to 60.86 mg/kg in Kokona L.G.A. Chromium (Cr) levels ranged from 2.31 mg/kg to 6.99 mg/kg in Karu, 2.92 mg/kg to 6.86 mg/kg in Nasarawa, 5.00 mg/kg to 5.17 mg/kg in Kokona, and 2.02 mg/kg to 3.39 mg/kg in Keffi. Copper (Cu) exhibited a range of 18.82 mg/kg to 61.15 mg/kg in Karu, 14.86 mg/kg to 33.74 mg/kg in Kokona, 3.85 mg/kg to 24.52 mg/kg in Nasarawa, and 8.48 mg/kg to 16.92 mg/kg in Keffi. Cadmium (Cd) was solely detected in Kokona pond samples (0.06 mg/kg). Lead (Pb) concentrations spanned from 0.93 mg/kg to 1.93 mg/kg in Kokona, 0.01 mg/kg to 0.48 mg/kg in Karu, 0.003 mg/kg to 0.24 mg/kg in Nasarawa, and 0.08 mg/kg in Keffi. Nickel (Ni) content ranged from 2.48 mg/kg to 3.36 mg/kg in Karu, 0.78 mg/kg in Keffi, 2.67 mg/kg in Kokona pond, and 1.67 mg/kg in Nasarawa river. Manganese was consistently the most prevalent heavy metal in all locations, with Lead showing the lowest bioaccumulation index in Karu ponds. Elevated metal concentrations in these fish are likely linked to mining, pesticide usage, and local irrigation practices, particularly in Karu. Chromium, Nickel, and Lead concentrations adhered to WHO/FAO recommendations. However, some samples exceeded permissible limits for Manganese and Copper, posing potential risks to human consumption, except for Cadmium, which was solely found in Kokona pond samples.

Graphical Abstract

Assessment of Heavy Metal Content in Fish Obtained from Selected Rivers and Ponds of Nasarawa West Region, Nasarawa State

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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    HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE

    Ibrahim Adamu Muhammed, Blessing Ifeyinwa Tabugbo, Usman Rilwan, Odih Christian,Assessment of Heavy Metal Content in Fish Obtained from Selected Rivers and Ponds of Nasarawa West Region, Nasarawa State, Ad. J. Chem. B, (2023) 244-260

    DOI: 10.48309/pcbr.2023.409486.1270
    URL:

     

     

     

     
     

     

Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research
Volume 6, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
August 2023
Pages 244-260
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  • Receive Date: 31 July 2023
  • Revise Date: 08 September 2023
  • Accept Date: 19 September 2023
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