Original Research Article
Chemical
Nabil Bader; Aya Elmajbry; Zainab Al borki; Aziza Ahmida; Abdalla Geath
Abstract
Potentiometric titrations have been used to calculate the dissociation constants of Hippuric acid and its stability constants with Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) ions in ethanol-water mixed solvent system at different temperatures, and constant ionic strength of 0.1M solution sodium nitrate. The ...
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Potentiometric titrations have been used to calculate the dissociation constants of Hippuric acid and its stability constants with Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) ions in ethanol-water mixed solvent system at different temperatures, and constant ionic strength of 0.1M solution sodium nitrate. The order of the stability constants of metal complexes at 298 K with respect to ligand was found to be Cu(II) > Pb(II) > Zn(II) > Ni(II). Effect of temperature on stability of hippuric acid complexes with Cu(II) and Pb(II) has been studied in order to calculate the Gibb`s free energy and enthalpy of the complex formation reaction, the results showed that coordination process is spontanous and exothermic. Effect of solvent ratio has been studied only for Cu(II) complex and the dissociation of hippuric acid at given added different ratios decreases on the following order 75% > 50%.
Original Research Article
Amir samimi; Kasra Kavousi; Soroush Zarinabadi; Alireza Bozorgian
Abstract
Increasing the capacity of Gasoline Production Plant (G.P.P) will cause problems such as the increase of pressure downfall, reduction of output pressure of circulating gas compressor, increasing the thermal load of the re-boiler furnaces of unit towers, increase of the eventuality of formation green ...
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Increasing the capacity of Gasoline Production Plant (G.P.P) will cause problems such as the increase of pressure downfall, reduction of output pressure of circulating gas compressor, increasing the thermal load of the re-boiler furnaces of unit towers, increase of the eventuality of formation green oil in vessels, increase of the eventuality of coke formation on the catalyst and eventually reducing the catalyst life span. In this research, operating conditions have been investigated that indicates the increase of the petrochemical feed with the design capacity of 71,000 barrels per day, to the 75,000 barrels per day. The results indicate that with increasing feed, the entrance temperature and pressure to the unit reactor should be increased. According to the obtained results the best temperature (in Feed) is 525 °C, output pressure of circulating gas compressor is more than 22 ton/hr and the circulation of catalysis range is 750-950 kg/hr, the Octane Number will be a Constant Rate 95 and the amount of Coke Formation in all Conditions 3.5-4.3%. The outcomes also show how this approach can be used to gain insight into some refineries and how to deliver results in a comprehensible and user-friendly way.
Original Research Article
Chemical Engineering
Nguamo Surma; Godwin Ijuo; Blessing Ogoh-Orch
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study was carried out in order to obtain useful gases from waste polyethylene of high density polyethylene (HDPE) at low temperature pyrolysis. This was carried out by adapting a cylindrical pressure cooking pot of height 30.00 cm with an internal diameter 31.50 cm. The pyrolysis reaction ...
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ABSTRACT This study was carried out in order to obtain useful gases from waste polyethylene of high density polyethylene (HDPE) at low temperature pyrolysis. This was carried out by adapting a cylindrical pressure cooking pot of height 30.00 cm with an internal diameter 31.50 cm. The pyrolysis reaction was carried out with the influence of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst. The gases evolved during the pyrolysis reaction were collected using Tedlar bags and analysed using a BUCK 530 Gas Chromatograph. The pyrolysis reaction with fresh FCC catalyst at 150 °C and 250 °C using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:8 showed aliphatic hydrocarbons in the range of C1-C9 with total concentrations of 84.3969 and 526.4070 ppm respectively. The corresponding values obtained at 150 °C and 250 °C for HDPE using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:16 were obtained as 495.4315 and 385.5101 ppm respectively. The reaction with spent FCC catalyst at 150 °C and 250 °C using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:8 gave the total concentrations of 112.7276 ppm and 87.3531 ppm respectively. The corresponding values obtained at 150 °C and 250 °C using catalyst/sample ratio of 1:16 were 116.9178 and 109.4314 ppm respectively. Production of useful gases from waste polyethylene gave reasonable amounts of gaseous products which can serve as feed stock and as fuel gas.
Original Research Article
Chemical Engineering
Alireza Bozorgian; Zahra Arab Aboosadi; Abolfazl Mohammadi; Bizhan Honarvar; Alireza Azimi
Abstract
Natural gas and crude oil in natural underground reservoirs are in contact with water. Stability of these compounds at the presence of both components and complete dependence on the host molecules by forming holes in their guest molecules are replaced. There are many gases such as methane, ethane, propane, ...
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Natural gas and crude oil in natural underground reservoirs are in contact with water. Stability of these compounds at the presence of both components and complete dependence on the host molecules by forming holes in their guest molecules are replaced. There are many gases such as methane, ethane, propane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphides that can play the role of guest molecules. The natural gas hydrate formation in different sectors of the oil and gas industry in downstream processes causes the production to stop or decrease. Therefore, the need to know the causes and conditions of hydrate formation is strongly felt. In this study, Van der Waals and Platteeuw model was used to predict hydrate formation conditions. The prediction of hydrate formation conditions needs equilibrium fugacity of gaseous components, and for the equilibrium molar component of water.
Original Research Article
Chemical
Akunna Stella-Marris Ogbuagu; Chinedu Innocent Okoye
Abstract
The physicochemical characterization of n-hexane extracted oil of avocado (Persea americana) seed was carried out according to American Organization of Analytical Chemists (AOAC)/IUPAC standard methods. The result of the analysis showed that the oil sample contains an acid value of 1.542 mg/g, iodine ...
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The physicochemical characterization of n-hexane extracted oil of avocado (Persea americana) seed was carried out according to American Organization of Analytical Chemists (AOAC)/IUPAC standard methods. The result of the analysis showed that the oil sample contains an acid value of 1.542 mg/g, iodine value 127.40 g/100g, saponification value 196.35 mg/g and peroxide value 4.80mg/g, as well as specific gravity (0.8627), flashpoint (288oC) and relative viscosity (24.69 Cst.). This indicates that the oil can be used industrially for various purposes, including food processing, cosmetics etc
