ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Practical Biochemistry Principles and Techniques Approach
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. Biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. A sub-discipline of both biology and chemistry, biochemistry can be divided in three fields; structural biology, enzymology and metabolism. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has through these three disciplines become successful at explaining living processes. Almost all areas of the life sciences are being uncovered and developed by biochemical methodology and research. Biochemistry focuses on understanding the chemical basis which allows biological molecules to give rise to the processes that occur within living cells and between cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of tissues, organs, and organism structure and function. Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms of biological phenomena. Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. Metabolism is the mechanisms by which cells harness energy via chemical reactions. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of diseases. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health wellness and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.
https://www.pcbiochemres.com/article_107326_473a951adb50b793e3d036a217b927f7.pdf
2020-07-01
180
193
10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.1
biochemistry
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Ayman
El-Khateeb
aymanco@mans.edu.eg
1
Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
[1] Adlard, E. R. (2019). E. Hywel Evans and Mike. E. Foulkes: Analytical Chemistry. A Practical Approach.
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[5] Bishop, M. L., Fody, E. P., & Schoeff, L. E. (Eds.). (2013). Clinical chemistry: principles, techniques, and correlations. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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[7] Crichton, R. R., & Louro, R. O. (Eds.). (2019). Practical approaches to biological inorganic chemistry. Elsevier.
8
[8] Crowe, J., & Bradshaw, T. (2014). Chemistry for the biosciences: the essential concepts. Oxford University Press.
9
[9] Dorr, D. Q., Denniston, K. J., & Topping, J. J. (2017). General, organic, and biochemistry. McGraw-Hill.
10
[10] R. Jalilian, A. Taheri, Synthesis and application of a novel core-shell-shell magnetic ion imprinted polymer as a selective adsorbent of trace amounts of silver ions e-Polymers, 18(2018) 123-34.
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[12] Haynes, W. M. (2014). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics. CRC press.
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[13] Lahann, J. (Ed.). (2009). Click chemistry for biotechnology and materials science. John Wiley & Sons.
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[14] Leonard, J., Lygo, B., & Procter, G. (2013). Advanced practical organic chemistry. CRC press.
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[22] Schultz, M., Schmid, S., & Lawrie, G. A. (2019). Research and Practice in Chemistry Education. Springer.
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[23] Shallcross, D., & Harrison, T. (2019). Exploration: Public Engagement Activities for Chemistry Students. In The Power of Play in Higher Education (pp. 145-158). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
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[24] Smith, M. B. (2019). March's advanced organic chemistry: reactions, mechanisms, and structure. John Wiley & Sons.
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[25] Wermuth, C. G. (Ed.). (2011). The practice of medicinal chemistry. Academic Press.
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[26] Williams, D. L., & Marks, V. (Eds.). (2014). Scientific foundations of biochemistry in clinical practice. Butterworth-Heinemann.
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HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
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Ayman Y. El-Khateeb, Practical Biochemistry Principles and Techniques Approach, Prog. Chem. Biochem. Res.2020, 3(3), 180-193
29
DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.1
30
URL: http://www.pcbiochemres.com/article_107326.html
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial and antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil from Hibiscus sabdariffa (L) Seeds, (Sudanese Karkadi)
In this study we investigated the chemical constituents, phytochemical screening of the essential oil from H. sabdariffa (L) Seeds, (Sudanese Karkadi) and evaluated its potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities, using Soxhlet method to extract the essential oil. The chemical constituents of H. Sabdariffa (L) Oil were identified and quantified by GC-MS, where DPPH and paper, disc diffusion assay were employed to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities respectively. Phytochemical screening showed that Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Carbohydrates, Saponins, Triterpens, Streols, Tannins and phenolic compounds are present in seeds of the H. Sabdariffa. Thirty eight components have been identified which classified in to four categories; 31 fatty acid ester derivatives , the majority of them are; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (16.94%), 9,12- Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) -, methyl ester (21.93%), 9, -Octadecadienoic acid (Z), methyl ester (30.11%), methyl stearate(7.39%), Cyclopropaneoctanoic acid (3.17 %), Dotriacontane(2.17 %), two phenolic derivatives; 1,3-Benzodioxole,4methoxy-6-(2-propenyl)- (0.01 %) and Apiol (0.04 %), two steroidal derivatives; 17 -Androstannone, 3-(3, 4-dimethylphenyl) (1.81%) and Stigmasta-4,7,22-trien-3.beta.-ol (0.41%) and three Pentacyclic triterpenes derivatives; Beta.-Amyrin (3.82%) (3.17 %), Alpha.-Amyrin (1.65 %) Urs-12-en-3-ol, acetate,(3.beta.) (1.17%). The DPPH assay, showed moderate antioxidant potential (50 ± 0.01 compared with standard 89 ± 0.01; the antibacterial showed high inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis (13mm). In conclusion, the study showed that the Oil of H. sabdariffa seed is a good source of antioxidants due to the presence of phenolic compounds, also is a potential source of natural antibacterial, and justify its uses in folkloric medicines.
https://www.pcbiochemres.com/article_107749_483e627cc1d8b7bd57221d634ef7b1f9.pdf
2020-07-01
194
201
10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.2
Sabdariffa (L)
GC-MS
antibacterial
Antioxidant
Phytochemical
Tuhami
Hagr
wadhager78@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied and Industrial Sciences, University of Bahri, P. O. Box 1660, Khartoum, Sudan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ibrahim
Adam
monit218@yahoo.com
2
Department of Basic Science, University of Zalingei, Zalingei, Sudan.
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] H.C. Voon, R. Bhat and G. Rusul, Flower extracts and their essential oils as potential antimicrobial agents for food uses and pharmaceutical applications. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 11 (2012) 34-55.
1
[2] I. Da-Costa-Rocha, B. Bonnlaender, H. Sievers, I. Pischel and M. Heinrich, Hibiscus sabdariffa L.–A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Food chemistry, 165 (2014) 424-443.
2
[3] S. Patel, Hibiscus sabdariffa: An ideal yet under-exploited candidate for nutraceutical applications. Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition, 4 (2014) 23-27.
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[4] H. Khalid, W.E. Abdalla, H. Abdelgadir, T. Opatz and T. Efferth, Gems from traditional north-African medicine: medicinal and aromatic plants from Sudan. Natural products and bioprospecting, 2 (2012) 92-103.
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[5] E.M. Abdallah, Antibacterial efficiency of the Sudanese Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), a famous beverage from Sudanese folk medicine. Journal of intercultural ethnopharmacology, 5 (2016) 186.
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[6] C. Kokate, Practical Pharmacognosy. Vallabh Prakashan Publication. New Delhi, India, 115 (1999)
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[7] O.M. Ozkendir, Boron Activity in Metal Containing Materials. Advanced Journal of Chemistry-Section B, 2 (2020) 48-54.
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[8] H. Schaller, The role of sterols in plant growth and development. Progress in lipid research, 42 (2003) 163-175.
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[9] M. Nurdin, F. Fatma, M. Natsir and D. Wibowo, Characterization of methyl ester compound of biodiesel from industrial liquid waste of crude palm oil processing. Analytical chemistry research, 12 (2017) 1-9.
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[11] J. Jiang and X. Jia, Profiling of Fatty Acids Composition in Suet Oil Based on GC–EI-qMS and Chemometrics Analysis. International journal of molecular sciences, 16 (2015) 2864-2878.
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[12] J. Anderson. Cholesterol-lowering effects of canned beans for hypercholesterolemic men. in Clinical Research. 1985. SLACK INC 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086.
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[14] K. Yoshinori, I. Mariko, O. Norihisa and F. Seuchiro, International Journal of Experimental an Clinical Pathophysiology and Drug Design,, 25 (2011) 49.
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[15] M. Takayama, A terminal product ion in the fragmentation of methyl stearate under electron ionization conditions. Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan, 46 (1998) 139-142.
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[16] T. Sledzinski, A. Mika, P. Stepnowski, M. Proczko-Markuszewska, L. Kaska, T. Stefaniak and J. Swierczynski, Identification of cyclopropaneoctanoic acid 2-hexyl in human adipose tissue and serum. Lipids, 48 (2013) 839-848.
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[17] Abdel Karim M, S. A. and K. M., Sudanese Petroselinum crispum Fixed Oil: GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity,. The Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal, 4 (2017) 39-46.
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[18] E.-H. Liu, L.-W. Qi, B. Li, Y.-B. Peng, P. Li, C.-Y. Li and J. Cao, High-speed separation and characterization of major constituents in Radix Paeoniae Rubra by fast high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 23 (2009) 119-130.
18
[19] I.A. Adam and T.E. Hagr, GC-MS Analysis of Chemical Constituents from Chloroform Extracts of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br (Asclepiadaceae) Roots Collected in Sudan. Open Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 4 (2019) 20.
19
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
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Hagr, Tuhami Elzein, Adam, Ibrahim Abdurrahman, Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial and antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil from Hibiscus sabdariffa (L) Seeds, (Sudanese Karkadi), Prog. Chem. Biochem. Res.2020, 3(3), 194-201
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DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.2
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Metal Ions of Cations and Anions Separation and Detection Approach
Recent investigation presents exciting, simple and manual procedures to separate and detect different salt radicals of both cations and anions qualitatively and quantitatively. Salt defined as a chemical compound which produce from the reaction of acid with base. So, Acid definition, it is a chemical compound that contains reactable hydrogen (meaning that any positive ion or metal can replace all or part of it) reacts with oxides or hydroxides and gives salt and water. Furthermore, the base is defined as a substance that reacts with acids to produce salt and water only. Basic radicals (Cations) is often a metal, which is the part of the salt shared by the base or alkali in its formation. Basic radicals carry positive charges when ionized and separated from the original salt in water and are called cations and are attracted to the cathode. Acid radicals (Anions) is the part of the salt that is already in the acid from which it is derived or is the part of the salt that the acid shares. Acid radical carries negative charges when ionized and separated from the original salt in water and are called anions and are attracted to the anode. Descriptive analysis is complete when it verifies the presence of basic and acidic radicals in the material to be examined, and often suffices without specifying the truth of the salts formed.
https://www.pcbiochemres.com/article_107750_dafab9c2ceab0403712ec29cede69b99.pdf
2020-07-01
202
220
10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.3
metal
ions
Cations
Anions
Separation
Detection
Ayman
El-Khateeb
aymanco@mans.edu.eg
1
Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
[1] E.R. Adlard. (2019), Springer.
2
[2] W.L. Arneson and J.M. Brickell, Clinical Chemistry: a laboratory perspective. (2007): FA Davis.
3
[3] J. Barber and C. Rostron, Pharmaceutical chemistry. (2013): Oxford University Press.
4
[4] M.L. Bishop, E.P. Fody and L.E. Schoeff, Clinical chemistry: principles, techniques, and correlations. (2013): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
5
[5] T. Brown, H. LeMay and R. Wilson. (1988), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
6
[6] R.R. Crichton and R.O. Louro, Practical approaches to biological inorganic chemistry. (2019): Elsevier.
7
[7] J. Crowe and T. Bradshaw, Chemistry for the biosciences: the essential concepts. (2014): Oxford University Press.
8
[8] D.Q. Dorr, K.J. Denniston and J.J. Topping, General, organic, and biochemistry. (2017): McGraw-Hill.
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[15] O.M. Ozkendir, Boron Activity in Metal Containing Materials. Advanced Journal of Chemistry-Section B, 2 (2020) 48-54.
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[19] D. Shallcross and T. Harrison, Exploration: Public Engagement Activities for Chemistry Students, in The Power of Play in Higher Education. (2019), Springer. 145-158.
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[22] C.G. Wermuth, The practice of medicinal chemistry. (2011): Academic Press.
23
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
24
Ayman Y. El-Khateeb, Metal Ions of Cations and Anions Separation and Detection Approach, Prog. Chem. Biochem. Res.2020, 3(3), 202-220
25
DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.3
26
URL: http://www.pcbiochemres.com/article_107750.html
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of trace element levels in flowers and leaves of vicia faba by ICP-MS
As the flowers and leaves of vicia faba contain high levels of levodopa used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, its use in alternative medicine is becoming more and more common. In general, the flowers and leaves of vicia faba are consumed as a tea. Besides some trace elements, they show a significant role in human nutrition and may pose a risk to human health at high levels. However, there is not much literature on chemical analysis of flowers and leaves of vicia faba. Their element content has not been studied yet. ICP-MS has been used to determine the trace elements contents of the vicia faba flowers and leaves. Mineral distribution ranging from the trace to the main elements for this plant samples were dried, weighed, digested, and analyzed by ICP MS. Thirteen element contents of flowers and leaves have been analyzed. Potassium, calcium and magnesium have been found at high concentrations in flowers and leaves. Among trace metals, iron had the highest concentration, followed by Zinc, Aluminum, Manganese, Chromium, Cupper, Nickel, Lead and Cadmium. The analysis showed that the toxic Cadmium element is in a low concentration and was within the limit allowed by the World Health Organization.
https://www.pcbiochemres.com/article_107758_9c9cd23a8395562387a8eee1f47ad5c3.pdf
2020-07-01
221
228
10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.4
Vicia faba
Trace element
ICP-MS
Ibrahim
Bulduk
ibrahim.bulduk@usak.edu.tr
1
Department of Chemistry, School of Health, Uşak University, 64200 Uşak, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
[1] K.B. Zheng, X.Y. Xu, S.L. Qiu, A.P. Li. Study on L-Dopa content in faba bean flowers Legume Research. Legume Research. 39 (2016) 931-934.
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[2] H. Li, W. Sun, J. Chen. The Synthesis and The Purification of L-DOPA. Amino Acids and Biotic Resources. Amino Acids and Biotic Resources, 22 (2010) 33-38.
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[3] C. Jun, Z. Zhaoyi. Study on Mucuna medicinal plant resources of levodopa. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 21 (1990) 7-8.
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[4] S. Wu, W. Jiang, M. Huang. A Comparative Study on the Contents of Levedopa in Seed of Stizolobium cochinchinensis (Lour) Tang et Wang in Different Harvesting Time. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research, 20 (2009)526-527.
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[5] R. Zhou, X. Yang, Z. Tang. Study on chinese mucuna plant resources of levodopa. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2 (2008) 11-22.
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[6] J. Mlcek, O. Rop. Fresh edible flowers of ornamental plants-A new source of nutraceutical foods. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 22 (2011) 561–569.
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[7] B. Lu, M. Li, R. Yin. Phytochemical Content, Health Benefits, and Toxicology of Common Edible Flowers: A Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 56 (2016) 130–148.
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[8] M.M. Egebjerg, P.T. Olesen, F.D. Eriksen, G. Ravn-Haren, L. Bredsdorff, K. Pilegaard. Are wild and cultivated flowers served in restaurants or sold by local producers in Denmark safe for the consumer? Food and Chemical Toxicology, 120 (2018) 129–142.
9
[9] H. R. Alzahrani, H. Kumakli, E. Ampiah. Determination of macro, essential trace elements, toxic heavy metal concentrations, crude oil extracts and ash composition from Saudi Arabian fruits and vegetables having medicinal values. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10.7 (2017) 906-913.
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[10] T. Efferth, H. J. Greten. Quality control for medicinal plants. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, 1.7 (2012) 1-3.
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[11] N. Aksuner, E. Henden, Z. Aker, E. Engin, S. Satik. Determination of essential and non-essential elements in various tea leaves and tea infusions consumed in Turkey. Food Additives & Contaminants Part B, 5. 2 (2012) 126–132.
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[12] N.L. Simantiris, M. Fabian, M. Skoula. Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants in heavy metal contaminated soils. Global Nest Journal, 18 (2016) 630–642.
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[13] A.S. Madeja, M. Welna, W. Zyrnicki. Multi-element analysis, bioavailability and fractionation of herbal tea products. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 24,5 (2013) 777-787.
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[14] C. Copat, A. Grasso, M. Fiore, A. Cristaldi, P. Zuccarello, S.S. Signorelli, G.O. Conti, M. Ferrante. Trace elements in seafood from the Mediterranean sea: An exposure risk assessment. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 115 (2018) 13-19.
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[15] M. Abtahi, Y. Fakhri, G.O. Conti, H. Keramati, Y. Zandsalimi, Z. Bahmani, R.H. Pouya, M. Sarkhosh, B. Moradi, N. Amanidaz, S.M. Ghasemi. Heavy metals (As, Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni) concentrations in rice (Oıyza sadva) from Iran and associated risk assessment: Asystematic review. Toxin Reviews,36 (2017) 331-341.
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[28] O.M. Ozkendir, Boron Activity in Metal Containing Materials. Advanced Journal of Chemistry-Section B, 2 (2020) 48-54.
29
[29] S.S.H. Davarani, Z. Rezayati-zad, A. Taheri and N. Rahmatian, Highly selective solid phase extraction and preconcentration of Azathioprine with nano-sized imprinted polymer based on multivariate optimization and its trace determination in biological and pharmaceutical samples. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 71 (2017) 572-583.E
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31
[31] K.B. Zheng, X.Y. Xu, S.L. Qiu, A.P. Li. Study on L-Dopa content in faba bean flowers Legume Research. Legume Research, 39.6 (2016) 931-934.
32
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
33
Ibrahim Bulduk, Determination of trace element levels in flowers and leaves of vicia faba by ICP-MS, Prog. Chem. Biochem. Res.2020, 3(3), 221-228
34
DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.4
35
URL: http://www.pcbiochemres.com/article_107758.html
36
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influences of Different Host Plants on Biological and Food Utilization of the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis
The effects of four host plants, broad bean, cabbage, clover and tomato as foods for Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on certain biological aspects of the insect were studied under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1°C and ≈70% R.H). The results and statistical analysis showed that all of the biological parameters included in the study were affected by the host plants whereas the shortest larval duration (13.2 ± 0.577 days) was recorded for larvae fed on cabbage and the longer (23.3 ± 0.76 days) resulted when larvae fed with tomato. The pupation percentages on tomato leaves were lowest (58.2 ± 1.79 %) and highest pupation was (86.7 ± 1.36 %) when larvae fed on cabbage leaves. Moreover, adult emergence percentages were (80 ± 0.38 %) in tomato and (98 ± 1.36 %) on cabbage. The numbers of eggs oviposited by female S. littoralis were highest on cabbage, followed by those on the broad bean, clover, and lowest on tomato. Based on the nutritional values of testing host plants proved to be effective in reduced development and reproductive capacity of S. littoralis. Also, results proved that cabbage leaves most favorable host for S. littoralis larvae followed by broad bean leaves. While tomato and clover leaves were the relative unsuitable due to the differences in the leaf nutritional quality as mentioned during phytochemical analysis and the high level of amino acid in the hemolymph of larvae fed on cabbage and broad bean leaves.
https://www.pcbiochemres.com/article_108223_3a3f24161afa2e146ae028e01d834464.pdf
2020-07-01
229
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10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.5
fecundity
food utilization
phytochemical analysis
plant host
Spodoptera littoralis
Seham
Ismail
seham.ismail@arc.sci.eg
1
Department Insect Population Toxicology, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
[1] S. M. Ismail, Field evaluation of recommended compounds to control some pests attacking cotton and their side effects on associated predators. J. Biol. Chem., 36 (2019) 113-121.
2
[2] F. Baghery, Y. Fathipour, B. Naseri, Nutritional indices of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on seeds of five host plants. Applied Entomol., and Phytopathol., 80 (2013) 19-27.
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[13] L. Talaee, Y. Fathipour, A. A. Talebi, J. Khajehali, Performance evaluation of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae on 10 sugar beet genotypes using nutritional indices. J. Agric. Sci. and Technol., 19 (2017) 1103-1112.
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[14] F. Mehrkhou, M. Mousavi, A. A. Talebi, Effect of different Solanaceous host plants on nutritional indices of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 4 (2015) 329-336.
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[16] S. Steinberg, M. Dicke, L. E. Vet, Relative importance of infochemicals from first and second trophic level in long-range host location by the larval parasitoids Cotesia glomerata. J. Chem. Ecol., 19 (1993) 49-59.
17
[17] S. Ariaei, Adsorptions of Diatomic Gaseous Molecules (H2, N2 and CO) on the Surface of Li+@C16B8P8 Fullerene-Like Nanostructure: Computational Studies. Advanced Journal of Chemistry-Section B, 1 (2019) 29-36.
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[18] F. Chapman, The Insects: Structure and function. 4 th Edition, Cambridge Univ. Press, (2002).
19
[19] N. Hrassnigg, B. Leonhard, K. Crailsheim, Free amino acids in the haemolymph Of honey bee queens (Apis mellifera L.). Amino acids, 24 (2003) 205-212.
20
[20] R. P. Bodnaryk, The biosynthesis, function, and fate of taurine during the metamorphosis of the noctuid moth Mamestra configurata. Insect Biochem., 11 (1981) 199-205.
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[21] P. S. Whitton, R. H. Strang, R. A. Nicholson, The distribution of taurine in the tissues of some species of insects. Insect Biochem., 17 (1987) 573-577.
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HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
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Seham M. Ismail, Influences of Different Host Plants on Biological and Food Utilization of the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis , Prog. Chem. Biochem. Res. 2020, 3(3), 229-238
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DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.5
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Necessity to Study of Risk Management in Oil and Gas Industries (Case Study: Oil Projects)
This paper examines the necessity to study of risk management in oil projects. Annually, a number of large-scale projects face operational problems. Risk management can play a significant role in identifying and taking precautionary measures in this regard. Because the projects of the oil and gas industry have many complexities and uncertainties and therefore, investment in these projects is associated with high risk. Today, however, the use of risk assessment methods and techniques has become very common due to advances in hardware and software. The importance of these projects in the Iranian economy and the need for massive investments in the upstream oil and gas sector of the country, it is necessary to identify the evaluation and prioritize the risks of the upstream oil and gas sector. In the implementation of huge projects, the existence of risk is one of their intrinsic and natural features and identifying and evaluating these risks will help project managers to plan better.
https://www.pcbiochemres.com/article_109685_c9db3b76598b9be9f456b82500cd472f.pdf
2020-07-01
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Huge Projects
Oil and gas industry
Oil Projects Planning. Risk Management
Mojtaba
Karami
karimi.m@yahoo.com
1
Process Engineer & Risk Specialist of Oil and Gas Refinery Company, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amir
Samimi
amirsamimi1161@gmail.com
2
Ph.D. of Science in Chemical engineering, Process Engineer & Risk Specialist in Oil & Gas Refinery Company, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahsa
Jafari
mahsajafari.put@gmail.com
3
Risk & HSE Specialist, National Iranian Oil Production & Distribution Company, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
[1]. A. Samimi, S. Zarinabadi, M. Setoudeh, Safety and Inspection for Preventing Fouling in Oil Exchangers, International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1(2) (2012), 429-434
2
[2]. Samimi, S. Zarinabadi, A. Bozorgian, A. Amosoltani, M. Tarkesh, K. Kavousi, Advances of Membrane Technology in Acid Gas Removal in Industries, Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research, 3 (1) (2020), 46-54
3
[3]. Domnikov, G. Chebotareva, M. Khodorovsky, Systematic approach to diagnosis lending risks in project finance. Audit and Finance Analyses, 2 (2013), 114–119
4
[4]. D. Osabutey, G. Obro- Adibo, W. Agbodohu, P. Kumi, Analysis of Risk Management Practices in the Oil aIndustry in Ghana. Case Study of Tema Oil Refinery, European Journal of Business and Management, 5(29) (2013), 15-25.
5
[5]. D. Mohammadnazar, A. Samimi, Nessacities of Studying HSE Management Position and Role in Iran Oil Industry, Journal of Chemical Review, 1(4) (2019), 252-259
6
[6]. Trujillo-Ponce, R. Samaniego-Medina, C. Cardone-Riportella, Examining what best explains corporate credit risk: accounting-based versus market-based models. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 15(2) (2014), 253–276
7
[7]. Domnikov, P. Khomenko, G. Chebotareva, A risk-oriented approach to capital management at a power generation company in Russia. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 186 (2014), 13–24
8
[8]. M. Gurtler, D. Heithecker, Multi-period defaults and maturity effects on economic capital in a ratings-based default-mode model. Finanz Wirtschaft, 5 (2005), 123–134
9
[9]. A. Samimi, Risk Management in Information Technology, Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research, 3 (2) (2020), 130-134
10
[10]. R. Trujillo-Ponce, A. Samaniego-Medina, C. Cardone-Riportella, Examining what best explains corporate credit risk: accounting-based versus market-based models. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 15 (2014) 253-276.
11
[11]. I.V. Osinovskaya, Prinyatie upravlencheskih reshenij v usloviyah riska (Management decision-making under risk), Economy and Entrepreneurship, 8-1 (2015), 767-770
12
[12]. H. U. Buhl, S. Strauß, and J. Wiesent, "The impact of commodity price risk management on the profits of a company," Resources Policy, 36, 346-353, 2011.
13
[13]. A. Domnikov, G. Chebotareva, P. Khomenko, M. Khodorovsky, Risk-oriented approach to long-term sustainability management for oil and gas companies in the course of implementation of investment projects. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 192 (2015), 275–284
14
[14]. J. Pollock, Risk Management for Black Swan Events: Planning for Nuclear Catastrophe, Fracking Problems and Other Environmental Disasters, American Bar Association, 13(1) (2012), 1-28
15
[15]. Samimi, Risk Management in Oil and Gas Refineries, Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research, 3 (2) (2020), 140-146
16
[16]. C. Lim, H. D. Sherali, and S. Uryasev, "Portfolio optimization by minimizing conditional value-at-risk via nondifferentiable optimization," Comput Optim Applications, 46, 391–415, 2010.
17
[17]. M. Bashiri, H. Badri, T. Hejazi, Selecting optimum maintenance strategy by fuzzy interactive linear assignment method, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 35 (2011), 152–164
18
[18]. N.S. Arunraj, J. Maiti, Risk-based maintenance policy selection using AHP and goal programming., Safety Science, 48 (2011), 238–247
19
[19]. Y.H. Cheng, H.L. Tsao, Rolling stock maintenance strategy selection, spares parts’ estimation, and replacements’ interval calculation, International Jornal of Production Economics, 128 (2010), 404–412
20
[20]. A. Saumil, N. Li, A. Jun, Condition-based maintenance decisionmaking for multiple machine systems, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 131 (2009), 3:1-9
21
[21]. H. Xie, L. Shi, H. Xu, Transformer Maintenance Policies Selection Based on an Improved Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, Journal of Computers, 8 (5) (2013), 1343-1350
22
[22]. K. Jain, S. Singh Jain, M. Singh Chauhan, Selection of optimum maintenance and rehabilitation strategy for multiline highways, International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering, 3(3) (2013), 269-278
23
24
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
25
M. Karami, A. Samimi, M. Ja'fari, Necessity to Study of Risk Management in Oil and Gas Industries (Case Study: Oil Projects), Prog. Chem. Biochem. Res. 2020, 3(2), 239-243
26
DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.6
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studies on the Mechanical and Degradation behavior of Polyethylene by using Jujube Seed Grinding Powder (JGP)
The Jujube seed grinding powder (JGP) were incorporated into polyethylene (PE) by weight 5-15 wt% subsequently processed to produce films of 55 micron thickness. The JGP mixed with PE was prepared to make the film by melt mixing at various percentage. The study on photo and biodegradability of polyethylene films were studied under the influence of UV. The studies on mechanical properties were analyzed for JGP-PE. The percentage of biodegradation of JGP-PE on the UV exposed film was monitored for specified hour using standard composting condition as per ASTMD 5338.
https://www.pcbiochemres.com/article_109960_f83fb71a9457fb1199c42a20cc527414.pdf
2020-07-01
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10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.7
Jujube seed grinding powder
tensile strength
polyethylene
Biodegradation
A.U.
Santhoskumar
santhosannauniv@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. MGR Educational & Research Institute University, Madhuravoyal, Chennai-95, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
N
Jaya Chitra
santhoskumar1986@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. MGR Educational & Research Institute University, Madhuravoyal, Chennai-95, India
AUTHOR
E
Jaya Sathya
murugavelu8@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. MGR Educational & Research Institute University, Madhuravoyal, Chennai-95, India
AUTHOR
References
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8. S., Armaković, S., Armaković, Computational Studies of Stability, Reactivity and Degradation Properties of Ephedrine; a Stimulant and Precursor of Illicit Drugs. Advanced Journal of Chemistry-Section B, 2 (2020)73-80.
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9. A.J. In, J. Domb, Kost, D.M. Wiseman, Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers, Harwood Academic : Amsterdam (1997) 1-526.
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10. International standard ASTM D 5338-98. Compost biodegradation Evaluation of the ultimate aerobic Biodegradability of plastic material in method by analysis of released carbon dioxide an aqueous medium. An American National standard, (2003)1-6
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15. M. Matsunaga, P.J. Whitney Surface changes brought about by corona discharge treatment of polyethylene film and the effect on subsequent microbial colonization. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 70 (2000) 316-325
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16. B, Nils, Vogt, Emil Arne Kleppe, Oxo biodegradable polyolefins shows continued and increased thermal oxidative degradation after exposure to light. Polymer Degradation Stability, 94 (2009) 659- 663.
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23. G.Scott,D.Gilead, Degradable polymers. Principles and applications Chapman & Hall, London (1995) 43-87.
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24. A.U. Santhokumar, K. Palanivelu, S.K Sharma, Synthesis of transistion metal 12 hydroxyl oleate and their effect on photo And biodegradation of low density polyethylene films. Journal of Bioremediation Biodegradation, 3 (2012) 1-10
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25. A.U. Santhoskumar, K Palanivelu. A New Additive Formulation to Enhance Photo and Biodegradation Characteristics of Polypropylene. International journal of polymeric material, 61 (2012) 1-10.
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26. Santhoskumar, A.U., Palanivelu, K, Study of copper 12-Hydroxyl oleate and copper 12- Hydroxyl oleate blended with starch in polypropylene to improve photo and biodegradation.
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Research journal Biological, pharmaceutical and chemical science., 2, (2011) 299-318.
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27. S.,Velmurugan, A.U. Santhoskumar, K.Palanivelu, Improving Polyolefin’s Degradation by New Synthesis of Cobalt 12- Hydroxyl Oleate Additive. Research Journal Biological, pharmaceutical and chemical science,2(2011) 962-970.
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28. A.U. Santhokumar, A New Synthesis of Nickel 12-Hydroxy Oleate Formulation to Improve Polyolefin’s Degradation. Journal Bioremediation and Biodegradation, 1 20101-10
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29.A.U. Santhokumar, Comparison of Biological Activity Transistion Metal 12 Hydroxy oleate on Photodegradation of Plastics. Journal Bioremediation Biodegradation, 1 (2010) doi:10.4172/2155-6199.1000109.
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30 A.U. Santhoskumar, A new approach to synthesis of photodegradable additive for low density polyethylene. Asian journal of chemistry, 24 (2012) 5702-5704.
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31. A.U. Santhoskumar, S. Velmurugan, Synthesis of Cobalt 12- Hydroxyl Oleate Additive as Polyolfin Degradation on UV Exposure. Turkish journal of Science Technology, 7(2012) 85-107.
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32. O. Telmo, Degradability of linear pololefin under natural weathering, Polymer degradation stability, 96(2011) 703-707.
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33. O. Telm, Abiotic and bioic degradation of oxo-biodegradable foamed polystyrene. Polymer degradation stability, 94(2009) 2128- 2133.
35
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
36
A.U. Santhoskumar, N. Jaya Chitra, E. Jaya Sathya, Studies on the Mechanical and Degradation behavior of Polyethylene by using Jujube Seed Grinding Powder (JGP), Prog. Chem. Biochem. Res. 2020, 3(2),243-250
37
DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.7
38
39
33. M., Thangavelu, A. Adithan, M.Doble, Effect of nvironement on the degradation of starch and prooxidant blended polyolefins, Polymer degradation stability, 95 (2010). 1988-1993.
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34. S. Velmurugan , A.U. Santhoskumar, Improving Polyolefin’s gradation by New Synthesis of Cobalt 12- Hydroxyl Oleate Additive, Research journal Biological, pharmaceutical and chemical science, 2 (2011) 962-970.
41
35.T.Yamashita, Benzophenone photosensitized alkylation of arylalenes with acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide and their related compounds in the presence of tert-butylamines. Journal photochemistry and photobiology A, 118 (1998) 165-171.
42
36. S. Armakovic, S. Armakovic, Computational studies of stability reactivity and degradation properties of Ephedrine; a stimulant and precursor of illicit Drugs. Advaned journal of chemistry-section B 2 (2020) 73-80
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A review of studies on the removal of methylene blue dye from industrial wastewater using activated carbon adsorbents made from almond bark
The production of industrial wastewater containing synthetic dyes is one of the most important pollutants in the environment. In recent years, sustainable development and generational attention have led researchers to work on ways to reduce environmental degradation and reduce pollution spreads, but as industries become wider and larger, pollution from their activities it threatens the environment more. Colors are an important class of pollutants that can be detected by the human eye. Although valuable water resources should be avoided, different technologies and processes are used to solve this problem. However, among the various methods available for dye removal, surface adsorption has taken a prominent place. Demand for efficient and low-cost methods of adsorption is growing and the importance of low-cost adsorbents for replacement of expensive adsorbents has increased. In this study, the method of chemical activation of almond shell was performed by phosphoric acid activating agent. It was found that the effect of phosphoric acid activating agent on almond shell increased adsorbent surface area and adsorption capacity. Studies have shown that the smaller the almond shell particle size, the higher the contact area of the activating agent and the resulting increase in absorption..
https://www.pcbiochemres.com/article_110103_2b996f083c4b63582a59ec7178faff79.pdf
2020-07-01
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10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.8
Almond Bark
Industrial Wastewater Containing
Methylene Blue Dye Pollutants
Ronak
Rahimian
ronak.rahimiyan@gmail.com
1
Department of Environmental Civil Engineering-Water and Wastewater Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Soroush
Zarinabadi
soroushzarinabadi@iauahvaz.ac.ir
2
Department of Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
References
1
[1] V. K. Gupta and Suhas, Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal--a review, J Environ Manage, 90 (2009) 2313-42.
2
[2] Z. Aksu, S. Ertugrul, G. Donmez, Methylene Blue biosorption by Rhizopus arrhizus effect of SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) surfactant on biosorption properties. Chemical Engineering Journal. 158(2010)474-81.
3
[3] Y. Fu, T. Viraraghavan Fungal decolorization of dye wastewaters a review, Bioresource Tech, 79(2001)251-62.
4
[4] N. Daneshvar, S.A. Vatanpour, M.H. Rasoulifard, 2008. Electro-Fenton treatment of dye solution containing Orange II: Influence of operational parameters, Electroanalytical Chemistry, 615(2008)165-174.
5
[5] A. Al-kdasi, A. Idris, K. Saed, C.T. Guan, treatment of textile wastewater by advanced oxidation process.Global Nest, 6 (2004) 222-230.
6
[6] R. Jalilian, A. Taheri, Synthesis and application of a novel core-shell-shell magnetic ion imprinted polymer as a selective adsorbent of trace amounts of silver ions. e-Polymers, 18 (2018) 123-134.
7
[7] A. Alinsafi, M. Khermis, M.N. Ponsa, Electro-coagulation of reactive textile dyes and textile wastewater. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 44(2005) 461-470.
8
[8] N. Bellakhal, M. Dachraoui, M. Oturan, M., degredation of tartrazine in water by electro-fenton process. De la Société Chimique de Tunisie , 8 (2006) 223-228.
9
[9] A. Ventura, G. Jacquet, A. Bermond, V. Camel, Electrochemical generation of the Fenton's reagent: application to atrazine degradation. Water research, 36(14), 3517-3522, (2002).
10
[10] M.A. Oturan, I. Sires, S. Perocheau, 2008. Sonoelectro-Fenton process: A novel hybrid technique for the destruction of organic pollutants in water. Electro analytical chemistry, 624 (2008) 329-322.
11
[11] S. Hammami, N. Oturan, N. Bellakhal, Oxidative degradation of direct orange 61 by electro-Fenton process using a carbon felt electrode: Application of the experimental design methodology. Electro analytical Chemistry, 610 (2007) 75-84.
12
[12] C.S. Chiou, C.Y. Chang, J.I. Shie, Decoloration of reactive black 5 in aqueous solution by electro-fenton reaction. Environmental engineering and management, 16 (2006) 243-248.
13
[13] R. Wandruszka, Adsorbents for the removal of arsenic, cadmium, and lead from contaminated waters, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 171 (2009) 1-15.
14
[14] T. Robinson, B. Chandran, and P. Nigam, "Removal of dyes from an artificial textile dye effluent by two agricultural waste residues, corncob and barley husk, Environ Int, 28 (2002) 29-33.
15
[15] H.H.M. salehi, M. Mirzaee, Experimental Study of Influencing factors and kinetic in Catalitic Removal of methylene blue with Tio2 nano power, American journal of environmental Engineering, 2 (2012) 1-7.
16
[16] O.J. Hao, H.Kim, P.C.Chiang, Decolorization of waste water, Environmental Science Technology, 30 (2000) 449-505.
17
[17] J. Cenens; R. A. Schoonheydt, Visible spectroscopy of methylene blue on hectorite, laponite B, and barasym in aqueous suspension. Clay and Clay Minerals, 36 (1988) 214–224.
18
[18] Y. Matsui, N. Ando, T. Yoshida, R. Kurotobi, T. Matsushita, and K. Ohno, Modeling high adsorption capacity and kinetics of organic macromolecules on super-powdered activated carbon, Water Res, 45 (2011) 1720-8.
19
[19] M. Toor and B. Jin, Adsorption characteristics, isotherm, kinetics, and diffusion of modified natural bentonite for removing diazo dye, Chemical Engineering Journal, 187 (2012) 79-88.
20
[20] H. Treviño-Cordero, L. G. Juárez-Aguilar, D. I. Mendoza-Castillo, V. Hernández-Montoya, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, and M. A. Montes-Morán, Synthesis and adsorption properties of activated carbons from biomass of Prunus domestica and Jacaranda mimosifolia for the removal of heavy metals and dyes from water, Industrial Crops and Products, 42 (2013) 315-323.
21
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Role of Distillation of Solid O-Bromoaniline with its Coloring Phenomenon
This short paper deals with the coloring phenomenon that occurs in O-bromoaniline from white to very dark. It is found that the very pure compound exhibits a significant resistance towards this phenomenon as stays for a long period without discoloring. Such a result is clearly of great interest to anyone who produces, marketing, or purchases and uses O-bromoaniline on a regular basis. The results show that the conventional methods for purification of solid compound such as recrystallization are not sufficient. It has been found that the fractional distillation under vacuum for this solid material gives a pure compound possesses a resistance against discoloring phenomenon. In particular, the listed purification procedure should allow chemical companies to produce and market a better quality product of O-bromoaniline.
https://www.pcbiochemres.com/article_110245_aa5f01954d72f261c5b341d85cc5b598.pdf
2020-07-01
269
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10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.9
O-bromoaniline
Purification
solid distillation
fractional distillation under vacuum
Rabah
Khalil
rakhalil64@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
References
1
[1] L. Fishbein, Aromatic amines, in: E. Atlas, et al. (Eds.), Anthropogenic compounds, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (1984) 1-40.
2
[2] J. Northcott, Aniline and its derivatives, in: R.E. Kirk, D.F. Othmer (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1978), 309–321.
3
[3] R.A. Khalil, A Study of the Factors Affecting Nitrogen-15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shifts, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Mosul, Iraq (1994).
4
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nutritional and functional properties of amaranth grain flour fractions obtained by differential sieving
Amaranth grain, a gluten-free grain was milled to flour and differentially sieved to coarse and fine fractions. The whole flour and fractions thereof were analyzed for the nutrient composition, antinutrients, total and bioaccessible minerals, fatty acids, and amino acid profile and functional properties of flours. Results indicated that the fine fraction representing 44% of the whole amaranth flour contained higher protein (19.7%), fat (8.54%), minerals (3.46%) and dietary fibre content (20.09%) as well as a higher overall amino acid profile with lysine as its major essential amino acid. Linoleic acid (44.8%) in fine flour whereas oleic (29.4%) and palmitic acid (29.6%) in coarse flour was the predominant fatty acid found in amaranth flour fractions. Minerals were variedly distributed in analyzed fractions as iron was found majorly in fine flour and calcium in coarse flour. A similar trend in mineral bioaccessibility was observed. The in vitro protein digestibility of amaranth flour samples ranged from 59.8-72.5%. Functional properties revealed that higher values of water and oil absorption capacity were characterized in the coarse fraction, while whole flour showed higher foaming capacity and stability. Thus, differentially sieved flour fractions of amaranth grain showed a wide distribution of nutrients and in particular, the finer fraction was nutrient-dense. It was found to be an excellent source of nutrients and could be incorporated as a functional ingredient in the development of nutrient-rich products.
https://www.pcbiochemres.com/article_110325_f1ff0305f493aad6851aef1c757432c6.pdf
2020-07-01
272
286
10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.10
Differential sieving
Amaranth fractions
Mineral bioaccessibility
Amino acid profile
DIVYA
RAMESH
jdivyaprakash25@gmail.com
1
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jamuna
Prakash
jampr55@hotmail.com
2
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
AUTHOR
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