Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research

Extraction and Identification of Compounds of Althaea officinalis L. and Anchusa italica Retz. Native to Ilam Province by Using HS-SPME, GC-MS, and FTIR, and Study of Their Antioxidant Capacity

Somayeh Shahsavari; Zohreh Derikvand

Volume 5, Issue 4 , November 2022, , Pages 338-350

https://doi.org/10.22034/pcbr.2022.351031.1228

Abstract

Medicinal plants, plant extracts, and essential oils are critically important for the pharmaceutical, health, and food industries. Chemical analysis and identification of compounds ... Read More Medicinal plants, plant extracts, and essential oils are critically important for the pharmaceutical, health, and food industries. Chemical analysis and identification of compounds of medicinal plants has drawn a great deal of attention. In May 2022, the samples of two aromatic species, borage (Anchusa italica Retz.) and marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.), native to Dehloran in the south of Ilam province, western Iran, were collected. The medicinal plants were dried, and then pulverized. Their essential oils were extracted by using headspace-solid phase microextraction and their chemical compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The functional groups of the plants were also identified by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Total antioxidant capacity was measured based on divalent iron reducing ability and by single electron transfer mechanism. The GC-MS results showed that A. italica contains 42 chemical compounds including trans-caryophyllene (13.26%), allospathulenol (11.27%), germacrene D (10.47%), bicyclogermacrene (9.77%), safranal (7.62%), δ-cadinene (6.42%), and α-pinene (4.38%) are α-copaene (3.96%) and β-myrcene (3.75%). A. officinalis also contains 39 chemical compounds such as tetradecane (22.54%), α-pinene (15.50%), hexadecane (10.46%), 2-hexenal (8.48%), dodecane (7.28%), β-Ionone (3.50%), and trans-geranylacetone (3.26%). After measurement of the wavelengths at 570 nm, the antioxidant property of A. officinalis was calculated at 1.2 mmol Fe2+/L and that of A. italica at 2.9 mmol Fe2+/L. Our results showed that the two studied medicinal plants have a wide range of chemical compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, mucilage, and saponin with the potential antioxidant properties. Therefore, given the antioxidant properties of these plants, this research can be a starting point for the additional experiments regarding the use of essential oils and extracts of these two medicinal plants. Taken together, the potential of these two plants, as two important medicinal plants occurring in Iran, for use in traditional medicine, modern medicine, and industries can be promising with respect to their trade and cultivation, and can stimulate comprehensive research in their pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and medical applications in clinical pharmacy so that they would be introduced into the booming and popular market of medicines of natural origin.

Phytochemical evaluation, in vitro-in vivo antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of various layers of watermelon fruit Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae) Matsum. & Nakai

Cletus Anes Ukwubile; Umar Idriss; Abdulmalik M. Isah

Volume 5, Issue 1 , February 2022, , Pages 97-114

https://doi.org/10.22034/pcbr.2022.334538.1218

Abstract

Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) is a popular plant whose fruits are use in all parts of Nigeria as remedy for various diseases. In this present study, the phytochemical contents, antioxidant ... Read More

Chemical Composition, Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Activities of Different Extracts of the Leaves of Parquetina nigrescens (Asclepiadaceae)

Oluwatoyin O. Olaleye; Akolade R. Oladipupo; Bamisaye O. Oyawaluja; Herbert A. B. Coker

Volume 4, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 359-371

https://doi.org/10.22034/pcbr.2021.287025.1188

Abstract

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, while multiple drug resistance constitutes a major problem in management of infectious diseases. The aforementioned ... Read More Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, while multiple drug resistance constitutes a major problem in management of infectious diseases. The aforementioned problems necessitate continuous investigations for development of novel antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Here, phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, 70%-ethanol and methanol extracts of Parquetina nigrescens leaves were investigated. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, DPPH, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation assays. Antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and antifungal (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albican and Penicillium spp.) activities of the extracts were examined using agar well diffusion method. Phytochemical investigations revealed presence of various phytochemicals, including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids. Total phenolic contents were in the range 0.321±0.030–0.432±0.030 mg gallic acid/g extract, while total flavonoid contents were in the range 0.020±0.003–0.064±0.006 mg quercetin/g extract. The extracts displayed moderate total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing power; having TAC values in the range 0.820±0.060–0.876±0.030 mg ascorbic acid/g extract and reducing powers in the range 0.01–0.68. The extracts showed moderate to high activities against DPPH radical, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation; having IC50 values in the range 59.3±10.8–87. 1±14.2 µg/mL, 52.7±10.6–56.9±10.1 µg/mL, and 58.9±18.6–101.3±10.2 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, ethyl-acetate extract showed broad spectrum antibacterial activities, while n-hexane extract demonstrated narrow spectrum antifungal activity. These findings suggest that P. nigrescens leaves have potentials as source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial and antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil from Hibiscus sabdariffa (L) Seeds, (Sudanese Karkadi)

Tuhami Hagr; Ibrahim Adam

Volume 3, Issue 3 , July 2020, , Pages 194-201

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2020.3.2

Abstract

In this study we investigated the chemical constituents, phytochemical screening of the essential oil from H. sabdariffa (L) Seeds, (Sudanese Karkadi) and evaluated its potential antibacterial ... Read More

Evaluation of the biological activity of Capparis spinosa var. aegyptiaca essential oils and fatty constituents as Anticipated Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents

Omar A. El-Shahaby; Mustafa El-Zayat; Gamal Abd El-Fattah; Mohamed M. El-Hefny

Volume 2, Issue 4 , November 2019, , Pages 211-221

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/PCBR.2019.4.6

Abstract

The essential oils and fatty constituents of Capparis spinosa as an important medicinal plant were extracted in petroleum ether and tested as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. The ... Read More

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Keywords = antioxidant

Extraction and Identification of Compounds of Althaea officinalis L. and Anchusa italica Retz. Native to Ilam Province by Using HS-SPME, GC-MS, and FTIR, and Study of Their Antioxidant Capacity

Abstract

Phytochemical evaluation, in vitro-in vivo antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of various layers of watermelon fruit Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae) Matsum. & Nakai

Abstract

Chemical Composition, Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Activities of Different Extracts of the Leaves of Parquetina nigrescens (Asclepiadaceae)

Abstract

Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial and antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil from Hibiscus sabdariffa (L) Seeds, (Sudanese Karkadi)

Abstract

Evaluation of the biological activity of Capparis spinosa var. aegyptiaca essential oils and fatty constituents as Anticipated Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents

Abstract